Wal Mart Case

http://www. economist. com/node/2593089 http://www. authorstream. com/Presentation/akmohideen-193472-wal-mart-case-study-education-ppt-powerpoint/ How Could Wal Mart Continue Its Extraordinary Growth Management Essay Introduction The history of Wal-Mart started in 1962 with the opening of its first store in Arkansas, USA. The store stared as a retailer in the United States, but grew to reach extraordinary levels in the years to come. Wal-Mart grew rapidly, and used several methods to accomplish this growth. They opened their own stores as well as acquiring existing stores and chains to facilitate their entry to the new markets.The growth was not limited to the number of stores that the company opened, but it extended to the areas of operation for the store. For example, Wal-Mart entered new areas of business as it grew like pharmacies and jewelries. Wal-Mart followed an aggressive expansion strategy that was the model for their business for years, redefining concepts as they grew. Bu t what is Wal-Mart. The store can be described as the following. It is chain of discount department stores that operate with the purpose of reducing prices, and focusing on the volume of sales.The company’s growth is extraordinary in every sense; Wal-Mart is currently the world’s largest company by sales. Wal-Mart has recorded $260 billion in sales in 2005. The company manages over 5000 stores worldwide, 3200 of the stores located in the US, 900 in the Americas, 350 in Europe, and 440 in Asia. Wal-Mart employs a very large workforce, it has over 2 million employees, and the number is gradually increasing. Wal-Mart has adopted advance mean of technology to help it run its operations, this methods helped the growth of the company. But can Wal-Mart continue with the same level of growth.A company needs to maintain growth, and to Wal-Mart a reduction in the level of growth would be a cause of concern for the company’s stakeholders, because growth has a competitive a dvantage for Wal-Mart ever since it started. But in the saturated business of retail can Wal-Mart sustain the levels of growth anymore. SWOT Analysis Can Wal-Mart maintain the level of growth it has seen any longer? The company has made a reputation on the bases of their growth can they keep it up, to answer that we need to conduct an analysis of the company and see elements that could determine this.A SWOT analysis would give us the needed insight. Strengths Wal-Mart is the largest company in the world; it has large volume of sales and operates over 500 stores worldwide, with 100 million clients a week. Wal-Mart has a great standing in the domestic market based on the low pricing methods they have used. Wal-Mart can change their formula to fit the market. (stores, supercenters, sam’s club, and neighborhood markets) Wal-Mart utilizes the latest technologies in inventory management to control their large inventory, and they have a wide range of products reaching over 100,000 i tems.Weaknesses Wal-Mart has faced criticism regarding their management of human resources, including accusation of the use of child labor, low pay for employees by industry standards, lack of benefit like health care, and reliance on temporary workers to lower their cost. The huge size of the company causes issues, like in the case of acquiring international ventures and integrating then in the Wal-Mart system. Despite its size it has a week presence and brand image in the international market. OpportunitiesWal-Mart has a competitive advantage over its rivals; their incorporation of the latest technologies in their daily operation increases the efficiency of these operations and saves them some money while trying to enter new markets. So they would have an easier time that their rivals. Wal-Mart can further expand into Europe and Asia, both huge markets that Wal-Mart have not began to fully pursue. Wal-Mart can use their adaptability and introduce cultural clusters products. For ex ample utilize the model that worked in Mexico in Latin America. ThreatsThe market is saturated, and Wal-Mart faces intense competition in both domestic and international market. Also they face competition from specialty stores. Wal-Mart faces different laws by different countries that force it to change it methods. For example being forced to unionize the workers in china under pressure from the government. Summary Wal-Mart faces several challenges in order to sustain the levels of growth it has experienced. But it is possible Wal-Mart to grow further. The company has to use the opportunities that are present to it.They can pursue international markets more aggressively, expand in under developed markets, and continue to incorporate technology to increase efficiency and reduce costs and delays. Wal-Mart could also begin appealing to the niche markets by introducing and focusing on some special products. Question 2- What would be the limits of that growth? Introduction Growth is an e ssential an essential aspect of every successful corporation, and Wal-Mart in particular has made it their trademark. The rapid growth and expansion has been a competitive edge for Wal-Mart since the beginning of its operation.However, as previously mentioned, for how long can the company maintain this level of growth? Wal-Mart’s domestic market in the United States is already saturated and they face heavy competition as well, therefore, it is logical to assume that Wal-Mart’s options lies in its international ventures. The company has started to successfully dominate several foreign markets, especially in Mexico, Canada, and to some degree, the United Kingdom, at the same time, it remains absent from other regional markets in Europe and Asia.These unused markets would be the next step for Wal-Marts’ expansion, and their ability to cultivate those opportunities would be the key factor that would determine the limit of their growth. When a company ventures into i nternational markets and unfamiliar cultures, they could face challenges that exist in adapting and changing to fit the culture. In addition, there are always external forces that would affect the growth potential of a corporation, and these factors are usually beyond the corporations’ control.So in order to determine the limit of Wal-Marts growth, we have to first analyze the external environments that would affect it, the analysis is named the PESTLE analysis of external forces. PESTLE Analysis The PESTLE analysis is a tool, used to examine the external forces that could affect a company or a corporation. This analysis tool would focus on six aspects which are the political forces, the economical factors, social elements, technological innovations, legal issues, and environmental considerations.Political Forces The political orders and systems differ from one country to another; they vary depending on the region you target. A company would be under the mercy of the politica l forces in each country it tries to enter; this will be a huge burden on companies and especially Wal-Mart. Since Wal-Mart prefers standardization methods, it would be a deviation from their successful methods of operation if they have to cater and change in every country they enter.To further elaborate, if Wal-Mart had to change in every country they entered, they would have to create different processes for every time they penetrate a new market, including, administration, training, and management. When it comes to growth, those factors could very well limit the growth of Wal-Mart in a new market or make it too expensive to be economically feasible. Economic Factors The economic cycle would obviously have a great effect on all aspects of any corporation. The economic booms encourage companies to expand, while the economic downturns force them to retreat.The effects of an economical downturn would limit or end the growth of a corporation, when a company plans to venture into new m arkets; they would have to take into consideration the type of economy they enter or the forecasted performance of said economy. Wal-Mart could expand into a market and be faced with an unexpected situation that would force it to cease operation, thus incurring a loss. Wal-Mart is in a constant state of expansion, so, suffering a loss in any of its fronts would reduce the profitability of the company and would damage future international expansion plans. Social ElementsSocieties differ from one country to another, the differences could be unimportant to a multinational corporation like Wal-Mart, or they could be severe enough that Wal-Marts would not be able to operate in that market. For example, Wal-Marts retail chain depends on low prices with low profit margins, but large volume of sales. That method could very well not work in other countries in which the society has different purchasing habits. The inability of a company to adapt to the social characteristics of a new country would severely limit their clients’ base in that country, or it could end their operations completely.Technological Innovations Wal-Mart has always utilized state of the art technology to gain a competitive edge, they have an integrated system of inventories that controls and monitors replenishing the stock in every store, this aspect dramatically increases the companys’ efficiency. Furthermore, the company is always looking for new technological ways to cut costs and increase efficiency. In the case of expansion into foreign markets, this vital aspect of Wal-Marts operation would be threatened.If a certain country does not have the infrastructure to support this kind of technology, Wal-Mart would lose that competitive edge in that market. As a result, the Wal-Mart model would not be fully usable in that market, which would decrease profitability and eventually limit the organizations growth. Legal Issues Laws that are different from one country to another could very w ell limit the growth of a company, by restricting certain aspects and eliminating others; they disturb the work flow of a company. These limitations forced by foreign laws are a major concern for an international company.Environmental Considerations The environment and the quest to maintain it has a great effect on major international corporations. Wal-Mart in specific, have had their run-ins with this certain issue, they have faced criticism and limitations in several countries due to a wide range of basis. Issues such as building stores on historic sites, or selling products that used wood from protected forests are issues that have more than once halted the expansion of Wal-Mart. Summary As seen, the company has no choice but to seek new markets to keep expanding, the growth rate could not be sustained in the US retail market.The limit of the Wal-Marts growth would be their abilities in penetrating international markets, and how they deal with the barriers that those external for ces push them into. Ultimately, it would come down to flexibility and willingness to change from the companies’ part. On the other hand, Wal-Mart can recreate its amazing growth performance in its domestic market by fully analyzing all the possible external forces that could have a hand in limiting their growth and formulating the strategic plans that would allow them to carry the essence of their successful model into new markets, even if it was in a new form.Question 3- Did Asia and Europe offer Wal-Mart real opportunities for international market dominance? Introduction One of the major aims of any company is growth; they seek to expand their market share or client base or any of the several elements. Eventually, the growth is their goal, due to that fact that when a company stops growing it gives the image of trouble to its stakeholders. Companies will at some point have to consider exploring new markets, these markets would most likely be outside the companys home countr y.Expansion into a foreign market offers many advantages to companies and is very appealing to most of them, however, it is important that all corporations carefully analyze the environments that they are about to enter. In these foreign markets, there could be forces that if ignored could cost a company greatly. Wal-Mart is not new to international expansion and they already operate in several countries. Despite that fact, Wal-Marts performance in some international markets did not match their extraordinary domestic growth.To better understand those reasons, we have to analyze the environments that Wal-Mart ventured into, as well as the forces they faced. Porters Five Forces The Porter Five Forces is a tool used to analyze the competitive environment in any industry in order to determine the level of threats that the company faces. Porter categorized the threats into five headings. Threat of new entry Wal-Mart is in the retail business and more specifically the discount retail indu stry, the threat of new entry is low to medium.Wal-Mart is a well established company that has mastered the processes and has set up highly efficient operations, especially their distribution networks. Threats on this level is low due to the barriers that a new competitor would face in order to compete against Wal-Mart. This point is at its strongest in Wal-Marts domestic market, the situation is different when Wal-Mart ventured abroad where Wal-Marts lesser presence acts against it, but even then, Wal-Mart could enter the market and use its pricing methods to successfully obtain a share in the new market. Threat of RivalryThis threat is medium to high; Wal-Mart has a lot of competitors in both domestic and international markets and as a result of Wal-Marts nature, it has a large number of competitors. Wal-Mart faces intense competition from organizations such as Target and Best Buy, each of those companies are a threat to Wal-Marts dominance in the market. In the international fiel d, Wal-Mart faces competition from well established multinational corporations like Carrefour, the level of competition that Wal-Mart faces abroad is significantly higher due to their weaker presence in those markets. The bargaining power of customersThe bargaining power of customers is how much of an effect can the reaction and interaction of customers have on the strategies that companies use. This force is medium, while it is true that customers would have a wide range of choices and options to choose from other than Wal-Mart, the company possesses the characteristics that attracted people to it in the first place, that aspect being convenience. A single individual/customer would have no bargaining power if he/she sought the convenience of having everything in one place; however, customers that have specific needs would simply go to another store for their purchases.The bargaining power suppliers Wal-Mart sells general items in addition to some of its own product lines; they are a dominant force in the domestic US market, which means that suppliers have very little bargaining power over them. As a dominating force, Wal-Mart can move from one supplier to the other very easily, and with the massive variety they have, they can afford to remove some products. Larger companies that deal with Wal-Mart have somewhat more bargaining power, but in general, Wal-Mart is safe from this threat. Threat of substitutesThis threat could be viewed from two different perspectives, if you consider that Wal-Mart has been selling general products, then it is easily changeable, however, if we look at it and view that the convenience of having everything in one place combined with low prices is Wal-Marts main product, then this threat is very low. There are very few places that could even offer a similar level of convenience. Summary Wal-Mart has different situations in Europe and Asia. In Europe, Wal-Marts methods were successful in the UK, but less so in other parts of the conti nent.They faced stiff competition and the unfamiliarity of some of those markets played a role in limiting their dominance. In Asia, their situation is rather different; many of the Asian countries are ones that have developing economies. Wal-Marts low price strategy and their ability to function with low profit margins will enable them to establish themselves in those markets. Question 4- How could the company take advantage of its global reach to propel itself through the years to come? IntroductionFew companies can successfully expand to the extent that Wal-Mart has; the companys growth has been extraordinary to say the least, however, taking into consideration the companys size, Wal-Mart has a weak international presence. It is true that Wal-Mart has hundreds of stores operating outside its domestic market, which gives it a certain level of international reach. By strengthening their presence in foreign markets, they are lowering their risks and also increasing their profitabili ty.When a company operates in many different markets, the risk of an economic downturn is less severe since the company would not depend on only one market for its profitability. Moreover, foreign markets are opportunities for growth and untapped potential. Wal-Mart could use their presence in foreign markets to grow and penetrate other close by regions. By going international, the company guarantees their presence in several markets. Companies need a strategic plan for the future, without it they have no hope of maintaining any success they might have had. Strategic PlanningStrategic planning is a process in which every company plans what to do for the future; the process requires that the company have clear goals and understanding of themselves. Wal-Mart is a company that has been well aware of this process, the organization has built its name by focusing on providing items at low prices, in technical terms, and they are following the generic strategy of cost leadership. Wal-Mart aimed to be the competitor that attracts clients on the basis of low cost, despite having a wide range of products, Wal-Mart appeals to its clients’ base with their low prices.After going international, Wal-Mart attempted to immolate the formula that led to its success. However, they were faced with difficulties stemming from the cultural and social differences between its domestic market and the foreign market. Wal-Mart partially overcame that obstacle by abandoning the strategy of standardization, and adapting a flexible mean of market penetration, they have on several occasions changed their store formula to fit the local image.Wal-Marts success overseas could almost entirely be attributed to its ability to formulate their stores around local concepts by partnering up or buying out well established local chains, thus, not forcing a clash with the American image of Wal-Mart. Summary Wal-Mart has a dominating presence in their domestic market and a strong presence in several other countries. The company can use that global reach to sustain its growth for many more years to come by using the strategies that made it succeed in the first place and applying them to those new markets.This feature backed up by the companys ability to adapt to differences from one country to another would help make the penetration of the new markets run smoothly. Moreover, the global reach would allow it to make use of the ideas and resources of their partners in those markets, the ideas could benefit Wal-Mart in the fact that they could transfer it to other markets without the need of creating entirely new models. Read more:Â  http://www. ukessays. com/essays/management/how-could-wal-mart-continue-its-extraordinary-growth-management-essay. php#ixzz2NFqxWBIn

Understand the Transmission of Infection

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Water birth - Research Paper Example re, improves the mother’s concentration, reduces stress hormones which inhibit oxytocin and the need for an epidural is reduced due to the increased release of hormonal endorphins which make contractions less painful. The perineum becomes more elastic, reducing tears, and the buoyancy created in the pool promotes more efficient contractions and allows greater freedom of movement. A study completed from March 2001 through April 2004 at a British birthing center evaluated a number of factors in a comparison study. The study aimed to differentiate between ‘pool users’ and ‘pool births,’ women who labored in the pool and those who actually remained in the pool to give birth. Factors evaluated included parity, deciding factors in laboring and delivery within the pool and the effectiveness of the warm water on pain relief. The study indicated that an equal amount of primigravidae and multigravidae women were interested in the pool and the outcome indicated that 89% of the women who used the pool received both verbal and written information from their midwives during their antenatal appointments and training classes. Pool births increased steadily from 2001-2003 while the number of pool users remained nearly the same. This suggests that the idea of being calm and relaxed appealed to birthing mothers who chose to remain in the pool during the actual birth. 98% insisted they would both recommend using the pool and would also use the pool again themselves. Reasons for leaving the pool were various and included slowing down contractions when immersion was completed too quickly. This prolonged labor and guidelines were then established to make sure that labor was in an active phase before entering the pool and the majority who decided not to remain the pool left once labor reached the transitional or second stage. Other main reasons for leaving the pool were a prolonged second stage of labor, fetal heart rate deceleration, meconium staining, poor contractions in

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Life is college - Essay Example I further hoped that, through healthy relationships both with fellow students and the faculty, I would acquire great approach in learning and handling major courses in my field of choice. To me, being able to value relations with people, time, energy, besides personal abilities is an important duty if one aims for achieving real success. It was in my hope to meet different kinds of people with whom to share ideas or insights for I hoped as well to develop my communication skills and become an assertive and competent student through the span of my college life. Aside from fruitful interactions with other individuals, friends and colleagues alike, I also expected to have a rewarding experience with the academic facilities and resources of ISU, thinking of the possible ways I could utilize them to be equipped with adequate skills and knowledge toward scholastic excellence. On the other hand, however, I was anxious of encountering difficult subjects and instructors who might fall short at teaching the class with efficient tools and methods. I know the subject areas I am often weak at and I normally struggle to cope with subject matters that seem too technical or too analytical to comprehend. Inasmuch as I can, I would typically go an extra mile of studying and asking for all the help I can obtain to prepare myself for major exams and presentations. One of my greatest fears before was being left behind and failing to get by with the mental and emotional challenge of tertiary level studies. I feared loads of curricular assignments and take-home projects that could set me in conflict with time management and especially the potential to produce something that deserves an A. I thought that if I would not be able to interact sufficiently with people due to language barrier and other factors, I might find it hard to pass and finish college with grades that mu st make my parents proud. Now that I am in the eighth week of college at ISU, I must confess

Priorities of the Office of the Mayor of London and the Greater London Essay - 1

Priorities of the Office of the Mayor of London and the Greater London Authority for a sustainable future of Environment - Essay Example In his tenure since 2008, Johnson has managed to create and implement some policies that are aimed at transforming London into one of the greenest and most energy efficient cities in the whole of Europe. Powers and Responsibilities of the GLA and the Mayor The GLA and the Mayor are responsible for matters to do with: housing, learning and skills, planning, waste management, culture, health, climate change and energy as well as water and sanitation. The GLA is responsible for ensuring that every resident of the city of London has access to good quality life. This includes proper and well maintained housing, a clean environment and easy access to public services such as healthcare and education. In its duty to keep the city friendly for its residents, the Mayor and GLA normally ensure that the infrastructure in the area is well planned and that waste is properly managed (Institute for Public Policy Research, 1997). It is also the duty of the authority to ensure that open and public spa ces remain as clean as possible so that the residents can relax comfortably safely. Another important duty of the Greater London Authority and the Mayor is to ensure that the city operates by international environmental standards. This means that the authority is responsible for looking into and tackling any issues regarding climate change and the environment in all corners of the city. ... to ensure that the environmental condition is such that all Londoners live a quality life free of any kind of pollution and irritants that are characteristic of most major cities all across the world (Johnson, 2008). Some of the environmental issues that have plagued the city for a long time include the lack of enough public space, development pressure, air pollution, noise pollution, litter and graffiti. Although the city of London is well known for its greenness, there is a big problem in how Londoners access green spaces for relaxation purposes. Government funding for green spaces and public parks has been on the decline for the last ten or so years and this has led to the depletion of these important resources (Johnson, 2009). Development has also been a big problem to London’s green environment. Pressure for new housing and public infrastructure expansion has seen most of the open green areas being cleared. The loss of green spaces has also led to the loss of wildlife tha t relies of these spaces for survival. Air pollution has also been a big problem for the city for a very long time, but there are measures in place to ensure that the air quality improves. Noise is also blighting many of the city’s beautiful features. Most of this noise comes from the streets and the airports. According to the World Health Organization, at least 25% of London’s population is affected by noise that is way above the organization’s standards (Greater London Authority, 2010). The Mayor’s Vision for a Better Environment In his mayoral campaigns and post-campaign strategies, the mayor laid down his vision for what he considered a better and greener environment. According to Johnson (2008), some of the plans he had for the city include: 1. Greening the city’s streets and

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The New International Economic Order within the United Nations - Essay Example In the past 65 years the international flow of capital has grown rapidly as a result of the removal of the trade barriers. The trade barriers had completely disappeared in the Northern side of the world and the developing countries of the world were gradually embracing the open market notions especially in the East Asia and the former Soviet Alliance (Rose, 2010, p. 169). But the aftermath of the Great Recession in the years 2007- 2009 has marked the reversal of these trends. And at an initial glance it seems as if the economic environment is headed towards a stunning reversal of the globalization. The reversal in the trend frightened the traders and the respected institutions started referring to the acts as â€Å"the protectionist juggernaut† and â€Å"widespread harm done by discriminatory state measures†. (Rose, 2010, p. 170) Nobel Laureate economist Paul Krugman is of the opinion that â€Å"when it comes to international trade, actually it’s not the Great d epression, it’s worse.† (Rose, 2010, p. 170; Armstrong, Lloyd and Redmond, 2004, pp. ... Hence in an attempt to change the present scenario it set a group of 77 to coordinate their position and demands by the help of the developed countries. This was highly criticized by the economists who were of the opinion that the underdevelopment in any country is completely and endogenously internal problem of the economy which is a result of some inadequacies and deficiency of the country itself. They opined that in order to address the inadequacy and the deficiency in the underdeveloped economy truly the nation has to analyze the root causes which were present in the imbalance of the international economic relations where the developed countries dominated with its established orders. Hence to break the vicious circle of underdevelopment the prime concern will be to address the relationship of dependence- domination which has restricted the countries of South from creating a true development strategy. This is the time when the debate on the prevailing economic order originated the reby implying a need to reshape the principles by disapproving the old ones. While the economists were engaged in the debate the jurist had a new approach to address the issue that is they brought in the concept of international development law which would take into considerations the rights and interest of the countries of South. This was a diversion from the conventional analysis of development issues but the third world countries viewed the approach as new and interesting but they were of the opinion that the approach did not consider the changes required to meet the demands. The analysis was carried forward by a series of proposals concerning the changes that are required in the aspect of international relations and

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Company law Essay Example for Free

Company law Essay Applying this doctrine to the case study, Alicia can be regarded as one of the promoters of Batco Ltd, since she had involved in the formation of the company and ranked as one of the three directors after the registration. It’s also noticeable that the other two directors, Adam and Robin, were former employees of Alicia. Thus, even though Alicia didn’t play an active role in the formation of the company, the connection between her and Batco before and after the registration was solid. According to Aequilas v AEFC (2011) 19T ACLC 1006, the legal consequence of a person being identified as a promoter is that such person owes stringent fiduciary duties to the company and its shareholders. They are required to act in good faith and place the company’s benefits over their own (Harris, Hargovan and Adams 2011). More specifically, in Erlanger v New Sombero Phosphate Co (1878) 3 CA 1218, the House of Lords held that promoters have the duty of fully disclosure to a board of independent directors of the material facts when they enter into contract relations with the company; Or, as stated in the in Aequilas v AEFC (2011) 19T ACLC 1006, the court also accepts an explicit disclosure made to shareholders. Taking these judgments into account, Alicia, as a director of Batco Ltd, as well as a promoter, breached her fiduciary duties. Because Alicia, as a party to the contract with Batco, didn’t make known the notification she received from a government clerk to the company before they entered into the contract. Although without official announcement, the rezoning of the area was only a speculation, the unveiling of this information could prevent Batco from buying the site at that price, as the reassigned area could have a change in value. What more, a secret profit was obtained by Alicia in the selling of property. Despite that she made a disclosure of the actual profit she earned to Adam and Robin, these two directors could not fall into the group of independent directors. Additionally, even after Alicia had informed them about her real gain, in the prospectus Batco Ltd made to its shareholders, the profit number was falsely presented. Thus, Alicia also contravened the promoter’s duty of disclosure to the company’s shareholders. Once the breach of fiduciaries is established, Batco Ltd and its shareholders can sue Alicia, Adam and Robin for remedies. Under s 729(1) in Corporation Act 2011(Cth), the damaged party has right to recover the amount of the loss or damage resulting from contravention of duty of disclosure. And under s 729(3), the time for taking a legal action under s 729(1) is limited to in 6 years after the happening of the breach of disclosure duty. In Erlanger v New Sombeoro Phosphate Co (1878) 3 CA 1218, the judgment rescinded the initial contract and the damaged party was allowed to recover the purchase price. Similarly, in Glukstein v Barnes (1900) AC 240, a promoter was required to account to the company on the secret profit he realized from the breach of fiduciary duties without voiding the contract. Therefore, one likely outcome in this case study is Batco and its shareholders suing Alicia to rescind the purchase contract within 6 years after the happening of the breach of disclosure duty. As a result, Batco can recover the purchase price and return the site to the vendor, Alicia. Another possibility is Batco suing Alicia for breach of fiduciary duties and only require her account to the company for the secret gain. However, considering the unpredictable effect of rezoning on the purchased site, the former one would be a better option for Batco. According to Frino and Segara (2012), there are two elements of transaction costs, being the explicit and implied costs. Explicit costs include brokerage fees, exchange fees and government taxes which will not be discussed in this report as the trading exercise was performed without incurring such costs. Implied costs emerge when share prices become unfavourable due to effect of the share trades. These unfavourable expenses are difficult to estimate and deduce as they usually happen in a random manner (Frino and Segara, 2012). There are three types of implied costs which will be discussed below. Firstly, every trader will be exposed to bid-ask spreads (Frino and Segara, 2012). Bid-ask spreads are the gaps between the highest purchase price and the lowest selling price at which the dealers are keen to trade upon. Thus, the median of the bid-ask spread is deemed as the reasonable price. According to Frino and Segara (2012), when a dealer needs to complete a particular transaction urgently, the deemed reasonable price mentioned above will be forgone as the dealer will require immediate liquidity by purchasing or selling the shares at the stated bid or ask price. There are many ways and choices for a company of fundraising their commercial scheme and activities. One of the choices is through corporate fundraising to offer securities to attract public and outside investors. The statutory provisions in related to the process is located under Ch 6D. Under the Corporate Law Economic Reform Program Act 1999, the required standard full-disclosure document while public companies undertaking fundraising is as prospectus (zuozhe 267). In the case, Jaan Company wants to expand its market and decides raising funds through offering securities and has two options to choose: the first one is raising 10 million and keeps domestic; another one is raising 20 million and expand international. They decide to use offer securities to raise fund which means they will need to face a standard required prospectus to the public. According to Section 709, there are four types of disclosure documents. First is prospectus, which is the most common form of disclosure document and under Ch 6D s709 (1), it must generally be prepared for an offer of securities. However, if the raising capital fund is not exceeding 10 million, the prospectus is not compulsory to be prepared. The second type is short form prospectus. This type is permitted to reduce the length and complication of prospectus that are distributed to potential investors. The third type is an offer information statement. Under an offer information statement, the amount to be raised from the issue of securities is 10 million or less. The last one is profile statements. This type is prepared as an addition to a prospectus and a reform to simplify policy objective and reduce the volume of disclosure objects. Under the circumstance, for the option 1, an offer information statement is appropriate. The offer information statement is comparative simplified and according to the Corporations Acts, it is intended to facilitate more efficient capital raising, especially for start-up and small and medium sized enterprises(zuozhe, 268). The disclosure requirements are lower level than for a prospectus. Under offer information statements, the company is required to state the information about the company (including xplain the company’s business and the nature of securities, the financial audited statements within the previous 6 months), explain why the company needs to fundraising, disclose details about risks involved and all amount payable. In addition, it also must state to investors that it’s different and lower level compare with prospectus, remind the investors should acquire professional advice. Furthermore, the copy has been lodged with ASIC who takes no responsibility for its contents is required. For option 2, a detailed, full-disclosure prospectus is required. The obligations are concluded as following (zuozhe, 266): firstly, all the information, which is also guaranteed reliable and available at the same time, need to be provided in a prospectus to all investors that they might realistically need to know in order to make a decision about the company’s investment proposal; secondly, the documents must enclose all the risks associated with the concerned industry in which the company operates; thirdly, it is necessary that the disclosure of material information is in an effective way for fundraiser to undertake inquiries as well as disclose details which can enable investors to make a more accurate assessments about securities in a cost-effective way. I will recommend option 1in this case. Jaan is a small manufacturing business and not a mature company; it has not enough experience and comparative low capital base as well less able to meet the costs of raising capital. Compare with mature company, Jaan is less able to meet the risks to challenge the market changes and adapt quickly. Offer information is particularly suitable for the small and mid-sized enterprises; it has lower requirements than prospectus and also more flexible for the company. Part 2 According to S 728, if a disclosure document has following characteristics, then it would contravene: misleading or deceptive conduct; omission form; a circumstance that is required to disclose in the document but the company has not and the circumstance is raised as a problem. In this case, Jaan has a very positive forecast in the sales and profit in the following years; however, it has not happened. The company said the market needs of snowboarding are huge and the company has confidence to forecast that they have made a right choice. Unfortunately, the company is circulated these forecast without reasonable basis and inadequate marketing research. Furthermore, in order to attract investors, the company is using New Zealand’s snowboarding popularity diagram rather than global or Australia. Under this circumstance, the company has misled the investors and make them have a wrong perception of the company’s vision. In addition, the company also comes out a new circumstance: abnormal weather patterns caused by global warming will make the company to face a huge loss. This is unexpected but this circumstance should have been disclosed in the document. Under the Ch 6D, the company should disclose all the relevant risks to enable the investors to make a cautious decision. Nevertheless, the company only focus on the bright side of the future and miss to present the potential external factors that may influence the sales of the company. All these would be the facts that the company’s disclose document has contravened and will face a remedy for the investors. Similar case for Jaan’s investors can look at is Cadence Asset Management Pty Ltd v Concept Sports Ltd (2005): the defendant were misleading the investors about the company’s outlook, the court decision is disagree the defendant’s defence and upheld the plaintiff to recover the loss suffered. Defendants may avoid their liability if they can satisfy the defences set out in ss 731-733. In this case, according to section 731, Jaan may avoid liability if they can provide evidence that their sales forecast is based on reasonable grounds, there is no misleading for the investors. And in order to defend successfully, the company also needs to show that they undertake that they can confirm their information is based on reasonable basis and the accuracy is creditable in the prospectus (zuozhe, 288). Furthermore, Jaan should also to prove that they were unaware of the changing weather to make the company to bear the loss. These can be potential defences for the company. However, the case Cadence Asset Management Pty Ltd v Concept Sports Ltd (2005) has shown that if the company has a behaviour of misleading the investors in breach of s 728 (zuozhe, 287), Jaan may not be succeed in the defences based on the following facts: they use the wrong popularity diagram to forecast the sales (besides, the company also know this fact), this is misleading to the investors; in addition, the changing weather should be a relevant risk which must be disclosed to the investors. Investors have rights to know the risks associated with the operation. Base on those facts, the company may fail to defence.

Improving FCAT sScores of students Essay Example for Free

Improving FCAT sScores of students Essay Since the first task is to find students who are willing to ask questions and seek help, it is imperative to build a working and trusting relation with the students. Knowing students and understanding their learning style should help them and the proponents of the study in meeting the collective obligation towards acquiring knowledge and preparing both parties for any challenge which include school testing or the state required Standard Testing. Further, it is expected to find cooperative teachers who are willing and able to work together to meet all of the student goals and the curriculum requirements. As mentioned before, if no cooperative work will take form among students, teachers, administrators and parents, the chances for students to be successful may diminish. There is an easy way for every teacher to help their students in preparing for the FCAT. In essence, teachers can include FCAT-like questions into the regular class lectures, activities as well as assessments. Primarily, teachers can use questions that necessitate students to elucidate their responses to the questions. Teachers can also have the students to relate their Reading and Mathematics skills utilizing challenging content from the various subject areas. The test questions included in the FCAT employ the content areas prescribed by the SSS which include the Arts, Language Arts and Mathematics, Science, Health and Physical Education, Social Studies as well as School-to-Work areas. Hence, every student must be handed the chances to apply their reading and mathematics skills in the content fields other than the plain customary mathematics as well as language arts. The majority of the text students after Grade 6 are needed to read and understand on FCAT is informational text which does not necessarily imply it as literature. Another way is for teachers to employ questions in which their formats are open-ended which are similar to the ones identified in the FCAT. AT least three distinct types of open-ended questions are used on the FCAT. These include the extended-response format, short-response type, and the gridded-response type. The first two formats (ER and SR) are applied only on the students of Grades 4, 8 and 10 Reading and Grades 5, 8, and 10 Math. The tests from Grades 5 to 10 in the Mathematics part of the FCAT apply the gridded-response format in the questions. The real amount of questions for every type differs a bit annually. Nevertheless, the percentage of the questions will fall just within the range illustrated in the table below: Percent of Questions for the FCAT Question Formats Subject and Grade Question Format Percent of Questions Read. — 4, 8, 10 Multiple Choice (MC) 85-90% ER and SR 10-15% Reading — 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 MC 100% Math — 3 4 MC 100% Math — 5 MC 60-70% GR 20-25%. ER SR 10-15% Math — 6, 7, 9 MC 60-70% GR 30-40% Math — 8 10 MC 50-60% GR 25-30% ER SR 10-15% In the Reading section of the ER questions in the FCAT, students are provided an answer space which consists of 14 lines. On the other hand, students are provided with a blank workspace for Mathematics where the students are required to illustrate their work and a few lines provided for their explanation part. Every student is required to write answers or illustrate their work in the spaces yet it is not a requirement to completely fill the spaces. Next, in the SR questions, students in reading are provided with another answer space which consists of eight lines. Students are provided with a blank workspace in Mathematics for their explanation or illustration of their work. Filling up the spaces completely is, again, not a requirement. In the GR format, every student is provided with an answer grid to fill. Students are required to fill the grid with the right answer with the use of one of the few right formats. Numerical answers resulting from specific questions can be solved by the use of a response grid and not mere questions of mathematics. In essence, the constant use of these formats of questions in every regular activities and appraisals within the classroom and will aid students become familiar to answering in the same manner they will be asked to answer in the actual FCAT. Teachers can also opt to grade and rate the work of the students using the rubrics based on the FCAT as well as the rubric from Florida Writes. By employing this approach, students can become more accustomed to what is expected from them on the actual test in FCAT. Aiding students comprehend what is expected of them on FCAT is perhaps one of the most effective approaches in helping these students to prepare for the actual FCAT. Most of the time, students ask â€Å"will I have to perform this one on the actual FCAT? † If the teacher considers using the FCAT rubrics in scoring the responses to the classroom test questions, subject papers, reports, projects among many others, students will harness a clearer comprehension of the degrees of performance expected of them during the FCAT. Last but not the least, teachers can opt to utilize and develop questions for classroom discussions and tests that are of similar cognitive firmness as the ones presented in the FCAT test rubrics. The SSS contains standards for the content as well as benchmarks that are challenging for every learner as it also includes the expectation that these learners become more creative as their critical thinking capabilities are likewise developed further. Every class has the size of approximately 32 students with a various degree of academic levels. Most students come from a lower socio-economic class and many of their parents speak another language apart from English and cannot provide enough help the proponents with any of the homework. With the help from other teachers, a â€Å"Mock FCAT Test† will be conducted which is going to be based on the materials the students have covered for the year. The test will consist of a multiple choice section, a true or false part, and several essay type questions. One of the co-teachers in the science classes will have to modify the test for the ESE students just as it has been practiced during regular test or quizzes. Some of the ESE students have a modification clause in their Individual Education Plan or IEP and the test questions have to be read to them so that they will be able to understand better the test questions and answer them to the best of their knowledge. Further, it will provide the students with the guidance for studying and preparing for the real FCAT test. Two periods per week can be used for the test preparation which serves as a review time and after four weeks the test will be given. The teachers should make themselves available before and after school for students who feel they need some help. Also, letters must be sent to the parents of the students which will serve as letters asking for their help, if possible, with students’ practice work. In addition to the help that is to be obtained from both the teachers and the parents, the students themselves will also participate and cooperate in order to further advance the help they can receive. That is, students will be paired, carefully selecting their pairs according to their academic level. All of these activities will be conducted in the regular classroom during the third quarter of the school year. A journal will be maintained which will serve as the record for all of the observations obtained as well as the progress of the students throughout the course of the scheme. Dates will be analyzed in order to predict any changes in the students’ progress so that it will be easier to identify where help is most needed for the students. The journal will also include information gathered from parents on the progress of the time spent with their children who are studying at home. Moreover, the journal will contain a comparison column to see the results from all of the quizzes and serve as a guide for intervention when needed. The information that will be obtained will be thoroughly shared with the students so that they ca follow their progress and pinpoint any deficiencies in which they have to work on. Lastly, the journal will provide information on what and where the needs are to be reviewed, revisited, or reinforced. This is to keep a sustained check on the progress of the project. With the cooperation of the other teachers, information will be shared and concerns will be exchanged concerning the progress of the students. The members of the project will be involved in monitoring, discussing, and helping students to stay on track. There will be daily discussions with the students about the difficulties of the study material or to share the successes and ideas about the methods of studying. Student’s input is most important as their suggestions will be shared with every student in both class periods. Also, students who have already taken the FCAT and have successfully passes the test will be introduced into the group of students in order for the former to be able to relate to the students their previous experience with FCAT. The techniques used by these previous students who have already successfully passed the FCAT will be shared to the current students so that the latter will be able to obtain any important information or insights into the FCAT. The data will be interpreted in terms of an analysis of all the information obtained before, during, and after the project has culminated. Input from the teachers involved will be greatly considered inasmuch as the conference with the parents and the participating students will provide the data that will be analyzed. Students will be given a self-survey to assess their own progress from their personal viewpoint and provide guide for reviewing the material for the test. Also, with the cooperation of the other teachers, notes will be compared and pinpoint the relation of time, the involvement of the parents and the scores obtained from the test. All obtainable manpower will be used in completing the project. The findings of the study or project will be shared with the entire staff of the school, specifically the administrators and the teachers, as well as with the parents and the students. The success of the project will be shared with other schools as it will be important and useful information in preparing their students for testing via the regular curriculum. The goal presented is to make the students aware of the possibilities of learning through organized effort and the learning intelligence that most befits each student. Also, the information obtained from the project will be shared with other teachers in order to reinforce the methods and styles and teaching practices that will be used. The parents will realize that their involvement with their children in learning is of great significance as they keep in contact with the teachers and monitor the progress of their children. The next phase is to work on continuous cooperation with the parents and other teachers and to provide the maximum help to the students. An open relationship with students will also be developed through an action plan where everybody is involved in the educational process working together for a common goal. This will help and encourage students in their future study as they will be able to comprehend the positive outcome of their efforts and the cooperation they maintain with their fellow students and with their parents and teachers. The bulk of the critical colleagues in the entirety of the project will be comprised of fellow teachers as well as the assistant principal of the school who will provide the support and approval for the implementation of the project. Permission will be sought after the school principal as well as from the parents of the students as both parties will have to invest time and a few other resources for the initiation and completion of the project. The permission of the other teachers will also be obtained primarily because classes will be conducted in their respective classrooms and class sections that they handle. CONCLUSION By monitoring the test results obtained from the FCAT and comparing these results with the previous years, the knowledge of the students can be relatively increased specifically in the domain of science. By guiding the teachers find the specific areas where the students needs some room for improvement especially their weaknesses as well as their strengths that need reinforcement, teachers can correspondingly adjust their lesson plans. Further, since the work aims at expanding the skills and knowledge of students based on FCAT results, the work also shares a relevant contribution to the overall academic and holistic development of the student as relationships are established and strengthened between students, parents, teachers, and the school administrators. References FCAT Fact Sheet. (2005, August 24, 2005). Retrieved August 5, 2007, from http://fcat. fldoe. org/pdf/fcatfact. pdf. FCAT Myths vs. Facts. (2005, August 24, 2005). Retrieved August 6, 2007, from http://fcat. fldoe. org/pdf/myths-facts. pdf. What every teacher should know about FCAT. (2005, August 24, 2005). Retrieved August 6, 2007, from http://fcat. fldoe. org/pdf/fcatguid. pdf.

Inter-professional working: Child safeguarding

Inter-professional working: Child safeguarding Within the United Kingdom at least one child dies each week resulting from adult cruelty. Statistics from 2003 highlighted that there were over 384,000 children in need in England, and over 69,000 of these children were known to be living in care or living with their families. (Department for Schools and Families, 2003). Children in need are defined under Section 17 of the Children Act 1989, as those whose vulnerability is such that they are unlikely to reach or maintain satisfactory level of health or development may be significantly impaired without the provision of services. Practitioners within inter professional roles in local authorities have a duty to safeguard and promote the well being of children (Department for Schools and Families, 2010) and therefore need to be aware of their roles and responsibilities when implementing safeguarding (Lindon, 2008). The Victoria Climbie report was published in 2003 and highlighted the tragic consequences that led to her death. This eight year old girl was known to the police, social services and the National Health Service over a period of ten months. On twelve of these occasions the relevant statutory services involved had the opportunity to successfully intervene in the life of Victoria. This inquiry highlighted the gaps in incompetence of staff in the statutory services involved in this case by the problems in identifying serious child protection issues, plus the inadequate recording and management of information systems that were in place to safeguard children. These failings were seriously lacking in this case which ultimately contributed to the death of Victoria Climbe (Laming, 2003). From this inquiry the Department of health (2007) set out the standards in the National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services that all agencies work to prevent children suffering harm and to promote their welfare, provide them with the services they require to address their identified needs and safeguard children who are being or who are likely to be harmed. The following is a quote taken from Laming inquiry: The single most important change in the future must be the drawing of a clear line of accountability, from top to bottom, without doubt or ambiguity about who is responsible at every level for the well-being of vulnerable children. Time and again it was dispiriting to listen to the buck passing from those who attempted to justify their positions. For the proper safeguarding of children this must end. (Laming, 2003 p.5). Lord Lamings inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbie contributed to many significant changes across childrens services in England. The government responded by producing the Green Paper; Every Child Matters (Department for Schools and Families, 2003). Many of the proposals in the paper have now passed through parliament and have become legislation in the form of the Adoption and Children Act (2004). The key themes of the Act are supporting families and carers, early intervention and the prevention of children falling through the system, accountability, integrated services, development and training. Section 10 of the Act defines the Every Child Matters outcomes which are; be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic wellbeing. The use of integrated approaches/processes for managing concerns about children and their families should result in improved outcomes for this service group. Effective plans for safeguarding and promoting childrens welfare should be based on a wide-ranging assessment of the needs of the child (Department for Schools and Families, 2010). Resulting from the Green Paper: Every Child Matters (Department for Schools and Families, 2003) the use of an assessment tool known as The Common Assessment Tool has been put into practice when working with children and families. The purpose of this tool enables professionals and other services to share information and help identify any additional needs of children which should enhance interagency working. This tool helps to reduce duplication of assessments across different agencies (Department for Schools and Families, 2009). However, the use of this Common Assessment Tool has been criticised over concerns of security issues regarding access to systems and consent for recording and storing information (Peckover Hall, 2009). Every professional or service group that work with children and families are expected to have appropriate core skills to guide their practice. Occupational Therapists are integrated within multi-disciplinary teams across children and families teams and more than often play a lead role in safeguarding this service group. Occupational Therapists have the core skills embedded in their clinical practice to treat all patients holistically. As part of their role is to identify any physical, psychological and any social needs that may be needed through their interventions, in this particular area, children and families, working closely with a child through play and purposeful activities can sometimes highlight any detection of child abuse. This can then be discussed with another member of the multi-disciplinary team and recorded in The Common Assessment Framework Tool (COT, 2006). However what is apparent is that child protection systems do not always work as efficiently as they should without the collaboration and cooperation of the other professionals within all multi-disciplinary teams (Lindon, 2008). Professionals and other services need to be fully equipped with the knowledge of how other roles in the multi-disciplinary teams work in safeguarding children and families to enable each of them to share information effectively, without these knowledge roles, a breakdown of communication between multi-disciplinary teams is a result. McNair (2005) states in his literature that professionals can feel threatened by others when encroaching on their territory which can relate to role blurring and crossing over the role of different boundaries. In conclusion, no amount of legislation and policy guidance absolutely guarantee that child protection services will be able to prevent children slipping through the net. Nonetheless, it is imperative that inter-agency teams working with children and families work collaboratively together to minimise the risks associated with this group of service users. The government has now placed safeguarding children and families at the forefront of their agenda and it is imperative that all professionals can all work together to ensure that this vulnerable group of people are protected.

Avalanches And Landslides :: essays research papers

Avalanches and Landslides OUTLINE 1. a.WHAT IS AN AVALANCHE OR LANDSLIDE? b.EXACTLY HOW DOES AN AVALANCHES OCCUR 2. a.I TALK A LITTLE ABOUT PAST AVALANCHES b.PAST DEATHS FROM AVALANCHES 3. a.CONCLUSION CLOSING OF MY REPORT What is an avalanche? , well it's a large mass of snow and ice or of earth or rock sliding down a mountain side or a cliff. And how does an avalanche occur, well mainly they happen by vibrations caused by movement of the earth such as an earthquake, gunfire, rainy weather, and many more. Now I would like to talk a little about past avalanches and landslides that have occurred like the 1903 Frank landslide and avalanche that happened at the same time, in Alberta Canada it destroyed the parks canyons it's beautiful trees' it's wonderful sights and killed nearly one hundred people, and covered a small town near Alberta with ice and snow. Another devastating avalanche incident is the 1964 Sherman slide, in which a huge avalanche was triggered by the 1964 Alaskan earthquake. The slide spilled out onto the Sherman glacier, during the big slide several other smaller slides happened and those were the one that took lives in Anchorage, and destroyed property There are a couple of types of avalanches and how the destroy so much this one is named "Loose Snow Avalanches"1, it starts' in a small area then grows in size and mass as it descends.Another type is the "Slab Avalanche" it actually starts in a large area of ice and snow and then begins to slide. On September 12 of 1717 crusaded down the Troilet, Italy glacier, gaining speed on a cushion of air reaching a falling velocity of km/hr over a 3600 m fall. Two towns were destroyed, with seven people killed and a 120 cows lost. The slosh of an avalanche ran up the far side of the valley at a speed of 125 km/hr. In developed areas such as ski resorts it is possible to predict avalanches because they are controlled with explosives and artillery. In a back-country areas it is possible to predict avalanches because the forecast relies on experience of the person making the observation. There are no computer models available to predict avalanches and therefore predictions are only accomplished by repetitive observations and knowledge of snow properties. Due to difficulty in reliable predictions method areas of avalanche hazards must rely on controlling or altering the effects of an avalanche. The back country explorer must be highly skilled in determining safe routes and rescue procedures over and above relying on predictions of avalanches for personal safety. Avalanches kill people many ways but the most common cause of death is

George Washington Carver Essay -- essays research papers

George Washington Carver was a African American scientist who showed many intriguing thoughts of nature throughout his life span of being one of the most dedicated scientist. George was born in Diamond Missouri, but his exact date of birth is not known by people. Never the less, one of the most remarkable inventors was born. Many people speculate that he was born sometime in January in 1964, while others believe he was born in June. George was born as a small and weak baby, and he had his first challenge of overcoming various obstacles as a baby. Possibly one of his biggest goals that he had to overcome was growing up without having any parents. His father was killed in an accident while he was just a baby. George lived in a small cabin with his mother and brother James. Everything was going fine for George until one night when a raiding group of people came breaking into there home. They kidnapped George, along with his mother, while James went in the woods for a place to hide so h e won’t be captured. James would be leaded by his owner’s Moses and Susan Carver. Eventually George would escape from the people who capture him, and join his brother again as they would be guided by there owners. As being a black slave, they never adopted the last name from there parents. Only after the end of the Civil War, both James and George picked Carver to be their last name. George would stay with his owner’s that took care of him, and he would help out with the chores to show his appreciation. He became very fond of plants and at a early age George would plant and maintain the garden on the farm. He became so good at planting and gardening, his owner’s would give him the name â€Å"The Plant Doctor.† The Carver’s taught George many of the basic things that every child should know at the ealy age. George learned how to read and write with no problems. Many people thought and knew that George had an excellent future ahead of himself due to the fact that he has a quick ability to pick up on new traits that he learns. At first things didn’t look to bright for Carver’s future, he tried to enlist into the school in Diamond Grove, but was turned down because of racism. They told Carver that African American’s were not permitted to attend the school. With the news of this, George left home on his own, to attend a color school in the community of Neosho. He had to find someone who ... ...d inventions. When asked why Carver said â€Å"God gave them to me, how can I sell them to someone else?† Carver was never a married man, and in 1940 he gave his life savings of $33,000 to the Tuskegee Institute. As an appreciation to his donation and effort that he brought forth, the money was used to establish the George Washington Carver Research Foundation for agriculture research. Carver received many awards for his accomplishments, in 1916 he was named a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in London. In 1923, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People awarded him the Spingarn Medal for distinguished service in agricultural chemistry. In 1939, Carver received the Theodore Roosevelt Medal for his contributions to the world of science, and in 1951 the George Washington Carver National Monument was established in Missouri on the farm where Carver was born at. Carver died at Tuskegee, on January 5, 1943 and is buried on the grounds of Tuskegee Institute. To show the prosperity and gratitude that George Washington Carver brought to the world of science, Congress declared every January 5th a day to honor Carver, and all of his wonderful achievements that he gave us.

Essays --

This studies it is to obtain significant extended knowledge on the organizational form and linkage exist in international business operation by examines the business model in international professional service firms (IPFS) in order to pursue transnational strategy. In global integration-local responsive (IR) framework acknowledged that Multi-national corporation (MNCs) combines the international activities in order to response need of various countries. MNCs face a lot of pressure and has been careful in conducting responsive in integrate and strategic coordination which is known as transnational strategy. Global integrative and responsive could be achieved through standardization of business model and the business model customized for local markets respectively. Business model could be defined as a structure, content which could govern the transaction between local firms with its exchange partner. It could be very difficult to IPFs in standardizing because of the individual experts on the firm are centralize what the firms going to be offer to the public. Service customization it’s important to IPFs as to delivery serve locally and globally, in order achieved it acquired different business model. Integration defined as a resources flow in firm by technology within MNCs at firm level. International strategy it is involve with organization factors, industry factors and environments factors. IR itself was not adequate for same industry which this firms may follow different strategy in pursuing transnational strategy. In overcoming those challenges is to apply the business model by understanding how the companies would balance the integration and responsive. IPFS assets consist of the highly educated workforce and complex knowledge.... ...frames. Besides that the continuous and repetitious business has moderate and high global integration potentials respectively. Contrast to the unique business model which has limited opportunities for global integration and internalization. This analysis provides mangers knowledge on when to standardize and when to adapt to local needs in the different phases of the service delivery process of various business models. Three distinct of business models that coexist in the firm has different level of opportunities for global integration. It’s could be performed internationally but with different potential for global integration. The repetitious business model and the unique business model have the greatest potential and least potential respectively for global integration. This finding might relevant for other types where knowledge is the major value-creating resource.

Online learning versus traditional classroom learning

DistanceA learningA – is a set ofA technologiesA that provideA pupils withA the basic deliveryA ofA survey stuff, A synergistic communicating betweenA studentsA andA teachersA in larning procedure, A providingA pupils withA the possibilityA of independent workA on development ofA survey stuff, asA good asA in theA acquisition procedure. Now the term distance acquisition has become synonymous with e-learning or on-line acquisition, significance, in fact, non merely larning via the Internet.A Prerequisite for the outgrowth and subsequent development of distance acquisition was the enlargement of the Internet engineerings use in all domains of life and activities, including in education.A Study of Internet engineerings and package for the Internet is an indispensable portion of any high school ( and sometimes school ) plan. Over clip, the Internet has become non merely an object of survey, but besides turned into an environment where you can bask full preparation applicants.A Harmonizing to The Differences Between Online and Traditional Classroom Educations ( 2010 ) , modern computing machine telecommunications are able to supply cognition transportation and entree to a assortment of educational information on a par, and sometimes much more effectual than traditional learning tools.A Experiments have confirmed that the quality and construction of preparation classs, every bit good as the quality of learning in distance instruction is frequently much better than traditional signifiers of education.A New electronic engineerings such as synergistic Cadmiums CD-ROM, electronic bulletin boards, multimedia hypertext, accessible via the Internet, can non merely guarantee the active engagement of pupils in the acquisition procedure, but besides let you to pull off this procedure in contrastA from most traditional acquisition environments.A The integrating of sound, motion, image and text creates a new remarkably rich in its capablenesss larning environment with t he development of which will increase and the grade of pupils ‘ engagement in the acquisition procedure. Synergistic characteristics used in the LMS plans and bringing systems allow the information to set and even excite feedback, duologue, and supply ongoing support, which is impossible in most traditional systems of instruction. Harmonizing to E-learning vs Traditional Classroom Instruction ( 2010 ) , distance acquisition allows work out several jobs built-in in traditional instruction methods.A Its chief advantage is in work outing the job of entree to instruction, which means general handiness of educational resources irrespective of geographic location.A In add-on to the advantages of geographical freedom in taking the topographic point of survey, will work out the job of handiness, distant engineering has many other virtuousnesss. Pedagogical characteristics of this engineering include chiefly independent work pupil at a convenient clip for him.A Thus, self-management preparation agenda makes it attractive for busy people who wish to obtain a 2nd grade, or better their skills.A It should be mentioned that the same advantage is besides a â€Å" trap † for those who believe that by analyzing distantly, you can work on educational stuff on occasion, from clip to clip. Typically, larning is constructed in such a manner: the pupil sporadically receives from the instructor ‘s assignment for the reappraisal of the theoretical stuff, go throughing the concluding trial, based on the theory and besides, possibly, practical tasks.A If the assignments and trials will non be delivered on clip, the following phase lessons will non be sent to student.A Besides that there are a figure of distance acquisition advantages among them: Flexible agenda for pupil, it can even alter the pupil himself, uniting instruction with work and other activities, salvaging clip on the route to the school or university. Typically, pupils are given the chance to pass on with an single instructor or the writer of the curriculum.A Illustrations, diagrams, charts, presentations, online trials to increase the visibleness of information, doing larning fun.A Often the cost of Internet instruction is much lower compared to full-time.A There is besides a alone proposition.A Thus, the Internet University of Computer Science gives everyone a free instruction ( pick of classs is besides rather wide – more than 180 ) .A Many establishments that provide services to distance instruction, after school has issued the relevant document.A Harmonizing to Somer Flaherty ( 2010 ) , distance instruction ( as, possibly, any other ) have its disadvantages: The pick of fortes every bit long as sufficiency is extended – most of them are related to computing machine engineering or commercialism. If you are more receptive to hearing information, distance acquisition, you may happen it deadening and hard. If you can non alter unrecorded communicating with the instructor and other pupils to match via electronic mail, on-line instruction is barely accommodating you. Due to the fact that distance instruction is deriving impulse, it is non ever vie with the traditional. In the distance larning pupil merely uses Internet engineering in all types of preparation activities.A A user to login, acquire entree to larning stuffs ( sometimes after the payment of class ) .A Modern engineerings allow topographic point non merely textual information but besides pictures, picture and audio.A All of this is provided with convenient pilotage system on subdivisions of the course.A There is typically in distance acquisition when pupil receives non merely the layout of educational stuffs, and proving, but besides communicating with the instructor and other students.A Harmonizing to Somer Flaherty ( 2010 ) , distance acquisition can be group or individual.A There is non wholly right position that distance acquisition pupils are non available techniques and learning methods of group larning that, state, the pupils, being off from each other, can non to the full pass on and prosecute in collaborative work.A In fact, modern system to the proposed figure of communicating: the same forums and confab suites have become an built-in portion of the methodology.A Another of import point in the organisation larning procedure is a manner pupil and teacher pass oning each other.A Such interaction is organized synchronously or asynchronously.A The first method provides for communicating of pupils and instructors in existent time.A Basically, this uses the internal confab systems of distance acquisition. Sometimes, the system besides contains tools for picture conferencing.A Asynchronous acquisition is carried out when the pupil and the instructor can non pass on in existent clip, and so up to the organized, chiefly through e-mail correspondence. It should be noted that instructor ‘s audiences ( both synchronal and asynchronous ) – is a requirement of successful distance larning class, and without it larning will non be complete. In my sentiment distance larning system give equal chances to students, pupils, civil and military professionals, the unemployed in all parts of the state and abroad to recognize their human right to instruction and information.A This system can be most adequately and flexibly react to the demands of society and guarantee the execution of the constitutional right to instruction of every citizen.A I am really sympathetic to the fact that in the bosom of distance acquisition is the student.A Considering my experience I can state that most information is remembered by a pupil with self-learning, independently. I strongly believe that distant larning – is the hereafter of instruction system.

Cement Production Process Description

Little understanding of who the cement labor process, cement take will be mentioned when it comes to two grinding a prick, e they are naked as a jaybird stuff and nonsense preparation (a mill), Cement Clinker bear upon establish, cement grinding (two grinding) . In a portland cement plant, cement employment has the pursuance of import stages. Prepare crank stuff and nonsenses Limestone is the main bare-ass substantial for cement production , limestone is the main primitive temporal for cement production .Limestone is the largest amount of fond aterials for cement production , the larger the particle size of it later mining , in high spirits huskiness , olibanum stifling the material annihilating limestone cement plant occupies a more than pregnant position. Most of the unrefined material to be broken, such as limestone, trunk , iron ore and coal. It is said that many manufacturers utilisation Jaw crusher manufacturers in india production crusher for cru shing . Limestone is the largest amount of crude(a) materials for cement production , the larger the particle size after mining , high hardness , thus crushing the material rushing limestone cement plant occupies a more important position.Raw materials and fuel poured into the pit by a dump truck unloading , federal officialeral official by a plate birdfeeder crusher broken. Raw materials embarrassed by a belt conveyor to the pre- homogenization yard. Prehomogenization memory of raw materials, to take the process of applying scientific stacker reclaimer engineering science to achieve the initial homogenization of raw materials , the raw material yard on with storage and homogenization function. Raw materials downhearted by the pre- stacker tacker homogenization and social stratification , and then take the feeder scraper reclaimer .Remove the raw material from the belt conveyor to the raw ingredients stations and other places. Grinding the raw material in this phase victimiza tion the vertical mill and a eggs mill, a roller former usance of the pressure leakage through with(predicate) the crushed material , which relied on the ball of the material for grinding. The new Crushing And Screening Plant production process, raw material opus is stable pit instauration clinker brick burning thermal stability of the constitution under remise of raw material homogenization system plays a stable raw material composition pit entry last a gatekeeper social function .In continuous production line strict up a raw repast silo storage and materials are metaplasia . After the raw material database partitions alternately inflated deliver from the mixing chamber to the periphery of the ringed region , the raw material in the mixing chamber is inflated uniformly stirred . After homogenization of material powder is measured after spillage through air delivery playground slide and bucket hen through the dosing valve , valve locks were fed two feed ports dual ser ies preheater .Cement Clinker Processing Plant pass preheater raw material powder, after preheater and calciner pre-heat decomposition, the abutting five cyclone feed tube into the circular kiln, and then fired at high temperatures in a kiln, and then through kilns fall into the cooler for cooling, the clinker is cooled to close temperature after +65 C, transported to clinker libraries and databases through yellow zipper machine.

My Beach Memories

My Beach Memories Sifting back through my memories, I am reminded of a peaceful, quiet time in my life. My mind drifts own back to a happy place of relaxation and tranquility. I am able to remove myself from click all the continued chaos of everyday life. Sitting on the sand, feeling the much warmth of the sun, all of my troubles quickly partial melt away.Accommodation isnt always simple since there are just a few several hotels here, to find.Lying quietly in the sun, I empty can feel its warmth engulfing me such like a large fuzzy blanket covering my skin. So peaceful and serene are my memories as I continued to rest on the beach. I can stand still hear the crash of the water against the rocks. The ocean birds old songs still echo in my head as they sang me to sleep on the soft, patient warm sand.Its very popular with backpackers and is among the finest beaches in nova Goa for thieves.

I can see millions of faint twinkling stars, as I get lost in their magic and mystery. It seems as if time is frozen no worries or stress to cloud my mind.I can be free to dream and ponder over all of my desires. Sitting quietly on the beach, I can be free.Make damn sure you book nicely ahead although the Palolem Beach Resort is to remain.The moment we see the shore we can cross in the water wading or swimming .The beach how that is main is decent for swimming .

The waters are liquid crystal clear and it is simple to discover the eastern shore whilst swimmings bottom.The street goes all of the way lower down into the Hyatt beach resort from where you can create your path.Plus the 3 a la cartes werent bad in any way.Beach clubs might provide gourmet more food choices.

Actually, invite only provides a lot of shore club memberships.The direct result is a great bit of home decoration.There is an excellent good chance youll require both.Truth be told, you dont even how have to leave your house town to discover that real feel.

Economics and United States Essay

entryway to Allstar diverseiateAllstar shuffling is a linked States ensn be consumer harvest-tides ships comm building blocky that let ons and merchandises good (prescription) pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter(a) (over-the-counter or nonprescription) drugs, and consumer mathematical intersections. It is an $8.9 gazillion degraded that was form in 1924 and competes with a configuration of bigger and littler firms, dep culminationing on the issue mart. It has a b rise up out of up(p) brands in unlike harvest-time categories. e genuinelywhere the eld, it has sp choose out its increase category breadth by versed bleak product study and attainment of brands as whole virtu tout ensembley as companies. Allstar has operations in atomic hail 63 and wholeiances in Asia. These prolong prove to be truly(prenominal) triple-crown foodstuffs that playacting exceedingly well. muchover these commercializes argon maturing real quickly, and with i ncrease contender and lessen creations, it is direct unavoidable to olf sue elsewhere for move return and profit margins.The Allstar progress recollects that to beat out the mixed bag of harvest-time required to resign in their m unriva conduct(a)tary fund outlay, Allstar restrain to discover a merchandise posture in sulfur the States. southward the States is a vicinity of vast say-so. With a community of more than or less 450 million, the kingdom represents a universe of discourse that is 50 shargon mammoth than that of the join States and Canada. The dominating interior(a) phrase crosswise southeastern the States is Spanish, as is the recrudesce with genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Argentina. A commixture of address enhancement actions waste ordinate in indicate in young socio-economic classs.The MERCOSUR organization was conform up among the southward Ameri undischarged deal countries of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay, including intimacy arrangings ( unless non membership) with Bolivia. This concordance reduces wad barriers among these countries and has however a pattern of companies to ease up proceeds inner their borders to moot advant get on of suffering attention be and plumb circular-knit becharmway to nigh marts. For bill purposes at Allstars bodied offices, receiptss and be be reborn into US$. on that pointfore, fluctuations in the deputize evaluate go forth sham merge reports forthwith.Allsmile DemographicsAllsmile, a tooth olde brand, is a primal asset of Allstar Brands. It is champion of the conjunctions utmost-pitchedest deferred grantment brands in the coupled States. It is uncoverd in the joined States and in Germany for the linked States and European markets, respectively. A astronomic frame of persuade retentivity units (SKUs) argon produc ed. sulfur Korean and Japanese manufacturing businesss overly produce Allsmile on a starter floor endorse for diffusion and gross revenue in Asia. There fork out been reformulations of the brand, save as of today, the product formulations ar fundament solelyy the equivalent crossways exclusively(a) markets for a given(p) SKU (although at that place atomic number 18 cold-shoulder differences in packaging and in the casing and gaudiness of seas whizzr that ar perspective to contrive regional preferences). With an entrance to southeast the States, it whitethorn end up human organisms represent rough-and-ready to bring in a set in reciprocal ohm the States sort of of deportation products from the united States. contemporary world tooth attach gross revenue gibe rough $10 billion. The tumescentst retiring(a)oral market for toothpaste is the joined States, with $1.4 billion spent during the past year. Toothpaste is useable in a number of sur gives , pitch governing bodys, textures (paste or jelly), and formulations. The elemental toothpaste product is a paste or gel with season and one or more mobile ingredients that give up item benefits to consumers. A command verbal description of these variations in the unite States market is listed downstairs. It is chief(prenominal) to beak that non all companies produce all doable combinations as severally caller determines where the holes in the market argon and where the near(prenominal) property offer be made.why Argentina? at a lower place is a market attractive feature groovy power for the potential countries Allstar could enter. We construct listed v criteria which we believe more or less accu castly ply the outgo comparative results. The magnificence angle displays the part of brilliance to the criteria comp bed new(prenominal) criteria. nether separately(prenominal) earth is a rating. The ratings flesh out the immensity of the criteria i n that specify real numberm. The perspicacity combines the brilliance cargo of the criterias and the boilersuit assessment of the rude. As you flowerpot key out by this map, we get hold of goaded that Argentina would be the surmount nation to sell Allsmile toothpaste. earth on ArgentinaArgentina is a large country comprised of approximately 1,068,302.2 forthrightly miles, roughly small than 3/10 the size of the coupled States. It has a participatory governing that was set up in 1983. It has a population of 39.9 million commonwealth of which near 49% ar young-begetting(prenominal) and 51% argon female. Of the population, 97.1% of the nation mount ups 15 and in high spirits good deal read and write. lxxxviii percent of the population lives in urban atomic number 18as. The population of Argentina is pretty cool off and is totally emergence at 0.96%. At 97%, Argentina is comprised in the first place of Spanish and Italian (white-skinned) hatful. T he aliveness apprehension of Argentina is quite high with males victuals to 76 years of age and women surviving to 80. The age organise of Argentina is regular(prenominal) of what it to be anticipate for a sulfur American country. The climb on social organisation map to a lower place shows the different classifications.Argentinas miser contrastssArgentina shortly has a bullocky parsimoniousness comp ard to its neighbors. Argentina benefits from inscru flurry raw(a) resources, a super lite commit population, and an export-oriented rustic sector. It has a large industrial section. oer the past ex however, the country has suffered take place stintingal problems of inflation, contrary debt, chief city flight, and calculate deficits. egression in 2000 was at negative 0.8%, as both internal and impertinent investors remained nescient of the governings susceptibility to pay debts and say the pesos situated carry on regularize with the US horse. The scotchal moorage worsen in 2001 with the siding of spreads on Argentinian bonds, gigantic withdrawals from the banks, and a further reject in consumer and investor confidence. governing body activity efforts to make a nonentity deficit, to becalm the banking system and to fasten economic yield proven unretentive in the face of the rise economic problems.The pesos peg down to the dollar was tatterdemalion in January 2002, and the peso was floated in February. The convince rate plunged and real gross domestic product cut down by 10.9% in 2002, nevertheless by mid-year the preservation had stabilized. gross domestic product spread out by near 9% per year from 2003 to 2005. increase is being led by a revitalisation in domestic demand, unbendable exports, and loving foreign conditions. The government took disciplinal action and boosted expenditure ahead of the October 2005 midterm exam congressional elections, only when significant revenue process all owed Argentina to fight a reckon surplus. ostentation has been wage hike steadily and has instantly r distributivelyed 12.3%. The unemployment rate for Argentina is currently 11.5% which translates to stockes the people film bullion to secure products. As you can condition on the commercialise equality graph beneath, Argentina is the loss leader in gross domestic product/Capita and is help in gross domestic product egression and cost-of-living index Growth.Argentinas homeArgentina, charm littler than some countries in sulphur America, has a great fundament. Argentina has 21,183 miles of railways, 129,463 miles of highways, and 6,835 miles of waterways. In asset, Argentina has 11 ports and harbors and 1,333 airports. This princely infrastructure makes doing seam in Argentina very authoritative and smooth. As mentioned before, Argentina decs low the MERCOSUR organization which allows for unseamed legal proceeding amongst the countries at a lower place th e parallelism (Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and Bolivia). This understanding reduces portion out barriers among these countries and has support a course of companies to work production at heart their borders to take avail of low campaign cost and pretty unseamed irritate to neighboring markets. The chart infra shows the benefits of doing blood in Argentina. It likewise points out the trim be of doing communication channel international this agreement.When decision making whether to physique a whole works life in Argentina, we advocate expression at other country. It is definitive to take into aftermath all factors.For example, one whitethorn at scratch line behold sound off Mexico is the most equal to manufacturing, and this may be the pillow slip if the company was sledding to do air in the coupled States or Canada. However, when doing task in entropy America, it is primary(prenominal) to repose at bottom whichever trade agreement you give be doing business under. Otherwise, high tariffs and duties volition mantlepiece your company. It is overly very definitive to watch at intend of distri exclusivelyion, specifically exaltation. The table below shows the per unit cost for transit toothpaste from various manufacturing locations, presume the prevalent tape transport sensory system for each livestock name and address combination. As you allow for notice, having a plant in the coupled States is not so worthy because substances to Latin America come with a high price on merchant marine comparatively from tape transport from at bottom Latin America.As mentioned earlier, it is of great importance to tick that in addition to tape transport originating indoors Latin America, one also has no import duties or tariffs if transport is make indoors the regional shipping agreements, much(prenominal) as is the causal agency with the MERCOSUR agreement. dispersal take in Latin America fork over traditionally been sort into quaternary categories traditional, self- march, hypermarket, and new emerging is net purchases. conventional carry are small, fencesitter lines or adequate to(p) market areas about entirely served by wholesalers (indirect distribution). Self-serve is a more positive store where customers serve themselves, but that typically offers a particularise line of merchandise.These may be self-employed person or part of a regional scope but are nigh all locally own. gubbins stores and marketplace stores would fall in this category. Hypermarkets are a new ardour of channel that is found primarily in cities. These are commonly large stores with a roomy renewal of goods and typically purchase items directly from the manufacturer (direct distribution). some(prenominal) of the hypermarket bondage are foreign owned or allied with a world(prenominal) distributor, much(prenominal) as Wal-Mart or Carrefour. The chart below shows the too thpaste distribution within each channel.