Lab report (exercise physiology unit) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(exercise physiology unit) - Lab Report Example determine Heart Rate training zones, recovery and much more.   Lactate is a metabolic product that can be measured by taking a drop of blood at a finger tip the same way diabetics monitor their blood sugar level.   The blood lactate level increases with exercise intensity and shows clearly the transition from aerobic to anaerobic activity.   Since the measurement is completely individual it gives a precise method for testing and monitoring training intensity and recovery.   (FaCT Canada Consulting Ltd, n.d.) Two body fat tests were performed on a 22-year old male named Dave. Firstly, skinfold measurement was done. In this case two methods were employed namely, Jackson and Pollack Method (1978) and Durnin and Wormersely Method (1974). Secondly, Dave underwent a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). The table below shows the data gathered from the two body composition tests. Using the formula to calculate the percent body fat for Jackson and Pollack Method and using the table provided for Durnin and Wormersely Method the percent body fats are 5.6 and ~12.9 respectively. The percent body fat calculated showed a discrepancy thus using skinfold method measurements is not a valid predictor of percent body fat; however they can be used as a monitoring device to indicate changes in body composition over time. Dave’s Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) provided a percent body fat of 16%. According to the table above Dave fall under the description of ‘Fitness’ thus we can say that his percent body fat is appropriate and acceptable for his age. The table above shows a part of the blood lactate test results of Dave. We can observe the significant increase of heat rate as the time of exercise progressed. Blood lactate concentration, and changes in it, result from the balance between adding lactic acid to the blood, and the clearance of lactate from the blood by muscle and the heart for metabolic purposes. At rest and low exercise intensities, lactic acid’s

Cooking at Home and Eating in a Restaurant Essay Example for Free

Cooking at Home and Eating in a Restaurant Essay Modern life becomes more and more comfortable, but we are busier and busier with our job, with our business. We don’t have time to prepare and cook meals at home. Someone prefers to eat fast- food or eat food in a restaurant, but some one still prefer to eat at home. Eating out or eating at home has also advantages and disadvantages, so which one is better? Cooking at home is similar to eating in a restaurant in many ways. Despite of cooking at home or eating out, we have to pay money for our food or spend our time to cook or to go to the restaurant to eat. For example, instead of spending your time to cook, you have to drive to go to the restaurant or sometimes you waste of time to looking for the parking. We also can taste the dishes we like even though we eat at home or at a restaurant. That is a period of time which your family enjoy eating after a long day with hard worked. With your family’s meal, everybody can talk together, tell some funny stories, or share their jobs. However, there are several differences between eating at home and eating out. Home-cooked meals are always healthy. The food at the restaurant may contain high in fat, high calories and other ingredients which are very harmful for the health. If you cook food at home, you have more control over the ingredients, and you can select the ingredients that you like. Furthermore, eating at home saves you so much money compared to eating in restaurants. Eating out are usually more expensive than cooking at home. In restaurants, they often serve big plates of food. They are too much more food than you need to eat at one meal and the money you spend can add up. For instance, with the money for a meal in a restaurant, you can buy food for the whole week for home-cooking. You can shop at cheapest markets, and look for sale items. Eating in a restaurant is also advantage way. Many people are very busy with their jobs outside the house, so they dont always have time to cook. They like the convenience of eating out. For many reasons such as some one is not very good at cooking, or they like international cuisines or different meals, eating out is the best thing. Cooking at home has a disadvantage that is cooking at home also requires your time. You spend your time to prepare everything like you choose and buy ingredients for cooking your meals. After that, you have to wash dishes and clean up the kitchen. However, eating at home is one of the best ways to enhance the relationship inside your family. Life is busier and people dont have much time to share their time together, even though they are in a family. Eating at home is all members of your family sit around the table and enjoy the dishes that your mother and you prepared and cooked. In your family, when all you prepare and cook meals at home together, you feel warmer and happier. Eating at home and eating in a restaurant are different in many ways, but they have several things in common. It is difficult for us to prefer to. Both eating at restaurants and cooking at home can be satisfying. Both of them can taste good and be enjoyed with your family and friends. I prefer cooking at home because of the money and health issues, but people will make the choice that fits their lifestyle best.

Jaguar Land Rovers Targeted Audiences

Jaguar Land Rovers Targeted Audiences This short brief intends to scrutinise Jaguar Land Rovers targeted audiences from a present generation analytical position. Jaguar, despite the recession and the age group of the audience, has been in a leading position. It continues to occupy, in spite of occasional budget recommendations and communication obstacles, a product that provides the ultimate customer satisfaction. 1. Current Marketing Situation The British Jaguar and Land Rover Manufacturers were acquired in 2008 for approximately $2.3billion by Indias Tata Motors from Ford Motors. (Hoovers, 2010, p1). Jaguar offers luxury coupes, sedans and convertibles. The recession, despite restructuring of the company, has resulted in falling sales volumes, and erosion of brand equity. Jaguar XFR occupies a difficult competitive niche. It faces competition from BMWs M5, and the Audi RS6 and Mercedes E63 AMG (Carsuk.net, 2009, p1). 2. Marketing Objectives Jaguar topped the globally accredited JD Power Associates 2009 Vehicle Dependability Study, considerably up from its 10th position in 2008 (Daye Van Auken, 2009, p1). Its primary marketing objective is to strengthen its brand equity and achieve retailing mileage out of the above position. The objective needs to bridge the gap between its consumers inherited brand perceptions of unreliability and its actual performance (Daye VanAuken, 2009, p1). 3. Target Audiences Jaguars targeted market profile consists of individuals who are over 40 years in age and have a high net worth retail customer record. Jaguar XJ, despite being a fine car, did not succeed because of the common perception of it being analogous to the iconic original 1968 XJ Series I (CarsUK, 2009, p1). Jaguars current slogan Born To Perform, appears to be contrary to the perceived style-quotient, which owners cite as reason to acquire the car (Kerwin Kiley, 2004, p1). 4. Positioning Strategy Jaguar requires constant positioning, akin to BMWs enduring 30 year old Ultimate Driving Machine (Kerwin Kiley, 2004, p1). Jaguars marketers need to position the brand as contemporary and cool; in line with the younger age profile of an increasingly affluent target audience (Carsuk.net, 2009, p1). The positioning strategy needs to differentiate Jaguar from its direct competitors, BMW, Audi and Mercedes, areas of performance, dependability and styling. 5. Communication Objectives Fords policy of a mass market approach was contrary to its luxury niche image and ruined Jaguars marketing (Kerwin Kiley, 2004, p1). Its communication objective should now be to prevent brand erosion and strengthen its old image as a special and luxury product (Ã…Â  trach, Everett, 2006, p1). The communication objectives should be realistic in terms of reaching the maximum relevant target audience, without compromising brand exclusivity. The objectives should above all, endeavour to negate perceptions of unreliability in its brand equity. 6. Communications Mix Jaguars Adam Henderson highlighted the companys 360Degree approach on deployment of all available communication marketing channels. The companys communication mix comprises of the following (Riley, 2010, p1): National communications through press, TV advertisements, Out of Home posters/billboards, video and in-market magazines, Digital communications, Experiential luxury drives and track events, Public Relations Social media, Brand Partnerships to engage with similarly interests viz. Barclays Wealth (investment bank), Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Local dealer marketing 7. Budget Recommendations Much of Fords investment, (of around $10 billion since 1989), went into unsuccessful brand-stretching exercises, rather than in brand extension (Madslien, 2007, p1). The marketing budget is approximately is  £25 million. The marketing focus is on bringing in new customers (Riley, 2010, p1). Restricted budgets are making brands hesitate to invest in mobile campaigns. Jaguar, with achieved benchmarks, should continue such channel investments (Butcher, 2009, p1). Section B: Creative Brief 1. Target Audience Communication regarding current Jaguar offerings, in terms of their exclusive features and break-through styling, should reach the targeted audience of individuals, aged between 35 to 54 years, with high levels of disposable income (MobiAD News, 2008, p1). It is practical to include young financially secure people in the target audience, without estranging its core customers ([emailprotected], 2005, p1). 2. Communications Objectives The communications objective should look at striking a balance between solid old-fashioned elitism and contemporaneous innovative luxury (Riley, 2010, p1). Brand communication should be analogous to that of a design-directed luxury brand, amidst the contemporary luxury world of intelligence, imagination and innovation. Communication should render the brand relevant and compelling to the target audience (Riley, 2010, p1). 3. Communication Obstacles Decades of negative consumer testimonials regarding Jaguars unreliability and under-performance constitute huge obstacles to communications (Daye VanAuken, 2009, p1). Another obstacle amongst luxury auto brands pertains to their desire to endorse exclusivity, which clashing with the demographic distribution of social media (Silverstone, 2010, p1). 4. Key Promise/Benefit The key benefit for the targeted audience is higher levels of customer experiential satisfaction. Increased interaction will accomplish exclusivity to more segments of relevant targeted audience and will benefit all customers, dealers and prospects in terms of continuous customer satisfaction feedback. This will result in improved levels of dependability and customer satisfaction. 5. Reasons for Key Promise Outweighing Obstacles The key promise/benefit equation should bridge the gap between its targeted audiences perceptions of unreliability, versus its actual performance. This gap should be bridged by deployment of direct marketing methods deployed towards its core and potential target segments. Engaging consistently with relevant segments of target audiences through experiential or other channels will help better CRM practices and removal of obstacles. 6. Tone/Key Feeling of this Communication The key feeling needs to be a sustainable zeal for the Jaguar brand (Riley, 2010, p1). It should inspire products and surpass Jaguars historical brand values. It should differentiate itself in conveying that Jaguar, at heart, is a lavish and awe-inspiring sports car company (Riley, 2010, p1). 7. Media (Newspaper, Radio and Direct Mail) to reach the Target Audience The targeted audience needs to be reached through deployment of different marketing channels, viz. newspapers, journals and magazines, both online and offline, and selected radio channels that promote luxury brands (Riley, 2010). Direct mail can be effective only when focused on known and specific HNWI customer segments (Viswanathan Chiam, 2007, p1). 8. Other Creative Considerations Marketing strategy and communications should aim to get the attention of HNWIs attention, by portray the products successful qualities, rather than depending on them (Viswanathan Chiam, 2007, p1). Such audiences are often fickle and can be swayed by differentiated products or services that give them bragging rights (Viswanathan Chiam, 2007, p1). They can thus be persuaded by differentiated products or services that give them bragging rights (Viswanathan Chiam, 2007, p1). Marketing through social networks is also important in the modern day atmosphere of online penetration (Riley, 2010, p1). 9. Budget/Financial Constraints The overall marketing budget limits the budget for the campaign of the current XFR launch and decreases available expend. The digital communication budget is expected to cannibalise the operational budget because of the earlier success of the mobile campaign initiatives. This will constrain the budget for long-term marketing commitment, required for preserving and enhancing brand equity. Section C: Scripts 1. Quarter Page Newspaper Advertisement The innovative Jaguar XJ embodies a bold and spirited automotive magnificence. Its sophisticated, sporting and sleek demeanour, offers an enticing blend of outstanding design, awesome performance and engineering without compromise. The XJ customer can choose from four refined and powerful engines, which utilize the newest power train technology, to get an exceptional mix of class-leading efficiency and dependable performance. Principles of aerospace engineering and extensive use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) have determined the cars aerodynamic line. The lightweight aluminium body uses over 50% recycled material. Body panels manufactured from recycled material utilise only 5% of the energy needed for new aluminium, leading to a possible saving of 3 tonnes CO2 per vehicle. Building on recent XK and XF successes, the all-new XJ is the new introduction, offered to our ever discerning Jaguar customers. It is the companys four-door flagship, meant to fulfil aspirations of the new generation of customers (CarsUK.net, 2009, p1). 2. A 20 Second Radio Commercial The following script is meant for broadcasting over radio channels and should target distinct layouts and demographics. Both live reads and produced spots can be used simultaneously. Drive times, latter day parts and weekends are recommended for broadcasts. Script: Louis Armstrongs What a Wonderful World is this commercials music bed. What do the acronyms XFR, M5, RS6 and E63 portray? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦well, they are neither clandestine intelligence agencies of worldwide governments or alphanumeric codes representing chemical compounds. They are sports luxury saloons. If you do know about these life-changing products, you have already heard of the path-breaking Jaguar XJ. The epitome of British luxury, the all-new Jaguar XJ, exudes automotive magnificence (CarsUK.net, 2009, p1). It is sophisticated, sleek and sporting. It offers unparalleled comfort along with a mix of awesome performance, outstanding design and uncompromised engineering (CarsUK.net, 2009, p1). If you wish to test drive a Jaguar, do give us a call or book online vide our website: https://jaguarukforms.aplicor.net/testdrive.aspx. Our telephone numbers are: .. . We promise you an unparalleled experience at Jaguar.

Priestleys Message in An Inspector Calls about the Welfare State :: essays research papers

J.B Priestley is the writer of the play 'An Inspector Calls'. The play is based in the period of 1912, however, it was in the year 1946 that he decided to get his message across: The importance of the welfare state. The First World War began in 1914 and the Second World War ended in 1945. Between these years, the world changed in many ways- there was a lot of time and money being spent on people thinking up ways to kill each other. The Russian Revolution also took place. (see the novel ?Animal Farm?, by George Orwell- which is created in a similar manner to ?An Inspector Calls?) This was an area where the Royal Family was abolished. Initially, there was democracy, then communism. The play is about the death of a young woman, called Eva Smith- her demise relates to a family of the early 20th century. Through this story, Priestley finds clever ways in which to diminish his audience, although the time lapse allows them to not take it too personally. J.B Priestley feels very strongly about the Welfare state, which is why he expresses his opinions and views, in a variety of ways. One, in particular, is through the main character, Inspector Goole. The Inspector is never wrong- in any of the situations that occur throughout the play- he is always right, and makes the other characters seem almost stupid if they do not agree with him. ?Don?t start on that. I want to get on That reflects off from the writer, Priestley, as being very determined to convey his message across to his audience. Sheila Birling is another character in ?An Inspector Calls? who also points this out during the play, ?You fool- he knows. Of course he knows. And I hate to think how much he knows that we don?t know yet. You?ll see. You?ll see.? Sheila is the daughter of a very proud man, named Arthur Birling. He is very opinionated, and shown as a typical figure of the time or 1912. J.B Priestley presents him to the audience, as obdurate and biased. We can see this, when he says ?And then she got herself into trouble there, I suppose This also tells us he is very unthoughtful, and he is the sort of person who is ignorant, and wouldn?t want himself to ?go down to someone else?s level?. Priestley is attempting to convey to his audience that Mr Birling needs to change, and not only Mr Birling, but the rest of the society that is comparable to him.

God provides Essay

SEEKING GUIDANCE The discipline of seeking guidance goes to the heart of walking with God. Guidance involves us hearing God’s voice and obeying Him. It is not only seeking His will in a specific matter, but it is a constant way of life. God provides guidance to His people in two ways. One is individual guidance, where God gives each of His children divine instruction through Scripture, reason, circumstances, and through prompting of the Spirit in the individual’s heart. In corporate guidance, God guides groups of people who gather in fellowship to seek the will of God. Both aspects are important to submit to as we seek to live in response to the voice of God. It is also a treatise on the nature of the perception of God and spiritual growth. One must believe in divine guidance. One must believe God will guide you. What God wants from each individual. Why each individual needs to seek God’s guidance. Most often, God sends divine guidance and wisdom through anointed people and not supernatural signs. You need wise counsel. Wisdom is usually gained by successful experience. Everyone has experience but only a few have successful experience. Many live in a continual cycle of action then regret but wisdom either successfully breaks bad cycles or never gets in bad cycles. It is usually far less painful to benefit from the experience of others than having to go through it ourselves. When you successfully go through something, you usually have wisdom. Everybody Knows: You can’t be all things to all people. You can’t do all things at once. You can’t do all things equally well. You can’t do all things better than everyone else. Your humanity is showing just like everyone else’s. Therefore:You have to find out who you are, and be that. You have to decide what comes first, and do that. You have to discover your strengths, and use them. You have to learn not to compete with others, Because no one else is in the contest of being you. Then: You will have learned to accept your own uniqueness. You will have learned to set priorities and make decisions. You will have learned to live with your limitations. You will have learned to give yourself the respect that is due. And you’ll be a most vital mortal. Dare To Believe: That you are a wonderful, unique person. That you are a once-in-all-history event. That it’s more than a right, it’s your duty, to be who you are. That life is not a problem to solve, but a gift to cherish. And you’ll be able to stay one up on what used to get you down. Loving ourselves being as compassionate, gentle & loving with ourselves as we would with a best friend can be pretty hard to do. This is especially true for women & survivors of abuse (including neglect). As women & survivors, we’ve been trained to deny our own feelings & needs & to take care of others. And we’re also frequently given messages that tell us not to accept or love ourselves. This is especially true for survivors; it’s so easy for us to take in the hating messages our abusers gave us & to turn that inwards on ourselves. But it is possible to love ourselves or at least to increase our self-love in increments, until we can know, deep to our cores, that we love ourselves & that we’re beautiful. Here are some of the things that have worked for me. I hope you’ll find they work for you, too. Carrying around some form of comfort & having it available right when you need it can help ease anxiety & stress & give you reassurance when you need it. I’ve found that just knowing I have a comfort bag with me is sometimes enough – and other times, I am grateful I have it with me to dip into. You might want to try carrying around some comfort & see if it makes a difference in your life. There are times when we are out in the world & need a little – or a lot – of extra comfort. Times when we are nervous or scared, feeling vulnerable or unsure of ourselves, or just not very confident. A new job, a speech we have to give, a new situation, a group where we don’t feel very welcome, or just when you’re feeling stressed out. Or, for survivors, facing something triggering, frightening, or painful. It’s times like those that portable comfort can come in handy. Portable comfort means bringing something with you on purpose that helps you to feel comforted & reminds you that you are safe & loved. There are many different ways of bringing comfort with you – and they don’t all have to be obvious. I take portable comfort with me whenever I leave the house. I have things already placed in my backpack, the pockets of my coat & sometimes even my jeans, so if I forget to bring something extra with me, I already have something with me. And I always wear the same necklace; it’s always with me. If you have time before you leave for the day, it’s a good idea to associate whatever good feeling you want to remind yourself of (comfort, safety, love) with the object. To do this, take a moment & remember when you felt comforted, safe, or loved. Hold that feeling to you. Now imagine that good feeling flowing into the object. Tell yourself that whenever you see or feel or notice that object in your day, you will be reminded of that good feeling & feel it again.

Circle sentencing and public policies

Circle sentencing and public policies Circle sentencing can be viewed as an alternative to conventional criminal trial. Overall, it can be understood as a procedure which involves the discussion of an offence between the defendant, the victim and the representatives of the local community (Doemer Lab 20011, p. 151).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Circle sentencing and public policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These people have to decide what kind of sanctions should be taken against the person who committed a crime. More importantly, they need to determine how the rights of a victim should be upheld. Circle sentencing is primarily aimed at reconciling the victim and the defendant. Furthermore, this model strives to reduce the risk of subsequent crimes or recidivism. The Australian government favors such form of restorative justice and allows Indigenous Australians to take part in such trials. This policy reflects several important interests and values of public administrators. First of all, the emphasis on circle sentencing is supposed to decrease the overrepresentation of Aboriginal people in jails (Tumeth 2011, p. 6). These people can be sentenced to imprisonment for various kinds of offences, including minor ones (Marchetti Daly 2004, p. 6). They are more likely to be imprisoned that non-indigenous citizens of the country. The changes in public policies are based on the assumption that by sentencing a person to imprisonment for minor offences the government will only increase the risk of recidivism (Borowski 2010, p. 466). This is why sentencing circles normally vote in favor of such sanctions as community services or participation in rehabilitation programs. Furthermore, this policy is aimed at involving indigenous communities into the judicial process (Marchetti Daly 2004, p. 6). The policy-makers believe that the government should gain the trust of indigenous people, especially their confidence in the existing syst em of justice (Tumeth 2011, p. 6). Therefore, the elders of Indigenous people normally take part in these sentencing circles.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These people enjoy authority within the community, and their decisions are more likely to be accepted by both victims and offenders. Hence, one of the interests or goals that policy-makers pursue is to demonstrate that the government is willing to eliminate the barriers between the state and Indigenous people. Certainly, not every offender is eligible for participation in such procedures. For instance, sexual offences, homicide, robbery have to be tried in a conventional court. Sentencing circles can try only summary offences such as public misdemeanor, minor violations of traffic rules, or the actions which resulted in the minor damages to the property of another person. Moreover, circles are mostly intended for young people who have no record of previous offences, especially those ones which are indictable (Borowski 2010, p. 465). However, this is still a good opportunity for the Australian government to show that Indigenous communities will not be excluded from public decision-making. Hence, these people can be viewed as a more powerful stakeholder whose views, opinions, and interests should not be ignored. Additionally, this public policy indicates that the government favors the idea of preventive and restorative justice. This approach emphasizes two important aspects the compensation that should be given to the victim and rehabilitation of the offender. Thus, the goal of the judicial system should not be only the punishment of the criminal because by penalizing for minor offences the state only increases the risk of later crimes. Thus, one of the stakeholders is the entire community and its safety. This is one of the major assumptions underlying the policies of the state. Overall, there is a theoretical perspective that can explain the origins and rationale for circle sentencing. In particular, one can speak about anti-racism. According to this approach, the existing social and economic problems of a country can be partly explained by the long-term disempowerment of a certain racial or ethnic group (Lister 2010, p. 91).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Circle sentencing and public policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This theory suggests that lack of educational or employment opportunities can eventually lead to higher crime rates within a specific community (Lister 2010, p. 91). This argument can be applied to the Indigenous Australians who long faced both formal and informal discrimination. Therefore, the state should help them integrate into the society. This is why the Australian government supports the idea of circle sentencing in order to empower these people and make sure that they can take part in public life. As it has been said before, they also try to break the so-called cycle of recidivism. This concept implies the idea that imprisonment does not always lead to the correction of a person’s behavior (Doemer Lab 20011, p. 151). Most likely, such sanctions will lead to the opposite effect, in other words, this individual may be more likely to commit crime in the future. Hence, the goal of sentencing circles is to safeguard young individuals against the risk of more serious crimes. Yet, it is still possible to say that public policies are shaped by anti-racist ideology because circle sentencing is mostly intended for the members of Indigenous communities. Non-indigenous offenders do not participate in such trials. This is why anti-racist perspective is the best explanation of the existing and future public policies. On the whole, circle sentencing is a way of delegating authority to the indigenous community and reducing the risk of crime within the segment of Australian population. These are the main objectives that the existing policies strive to achieve. However, it is still necessary to determine whether these initiative have been successful and to what extent. Moreover, one should also understand how these policies can be improved. References Borowski, A 2010, Indigenous Participation in Sentencing Young Offenders: Findings From an Evaluation of the Childrens Koori Court of Victoria, Australian New Zealand Journal Of Criminology, vol. 43 no. 3, pp. 465-484.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Doemer, W Lab, S 2011, Victimology, Elsevier, New York. Lister, R 2010, Understanding Theories and Concepts in Social Policy, The Policy Press, London. Marchetti, E, Daly, K 2004, Indigenous Courts and Justice Practices in Australia., Trends Issues In Crime Criminal Justice, vol. 277 no.1 pp.1-6. Tumeth, R 2011, Is Circle Sentencing in the NSW Criminal Justice System a Failure?, https://www.alsnswact.org.au/. Weatherburn, D, Fitzgerald, J, Juizhao H J 2003, Reducing Aboriginal Over-representation in Prison, Australian Journal Of Public Administration, vol. 62 no. 3, pp. 65-73.

Music essays

Music essays How do we understand the language of music? Music is not a language to be learned. Rather it is an emotion that must be felt with the soul. Music in all its forms is heard differently by each and every person based on experience, emotion and fantasy. No matter what culture you belong to, every human hears music differently and interprets it that way. Although it is impossible to translate music as we would words, that does not give the emotion any less meaning or relevance. Sometimes it is the music of life that can shape where we will go, how we will express ourselves, what we will feel and how we will relate to the rest of the world. I venture to say, music in the rhythm and emotion of life, without it thered just be words. Every human, whether Caucasian, Native, African, Norwegian or Korean, blind, illiterate, or short, is capable of understanding music. Not only are they capable of creating music in the form of their choice, they are also able to interpret it according to their own emotion. Music is a necessity in our lives and without it, thered be no meaning. Even infants respond to music. From a fetus within the mothers womb, they recognize the beauty in a tune. It would be odd in a case to care for toddlers and not find them commonly humming a song to themselves. Not only do they mimic tunes but they also create their own medleys in their minds and freely express their emotion. You would find toddlers of every culture doing the same thing. You would, however, find that say Chinese toddlers would likely be humming tunes more closely linked to their own societys music being quick, short intervals of tunes. African children would likely be caught singing an up beat tune rather than a Jamaic an child singing somewhat of a Caribbean tune in a syncopated ballad form. Hearing the music is another varied situation. As well as listening to music with our ears, we also hear it with our ...

Financial Condition Analysis Concerns Example

Financial Condition Analysis Concerns Example Financial Condition Analysis Concerns – Coursework Example Financial Condition Analysis Concerns Financial Condition Analysis Concerns There are several general problems that must be addressed in doing ratio analysis for government financial condition analysis. First, it is imperative to evaluate various income and cash flow statements that determine government balance sheet in influencing performance. It means projects, budgets, and businesses are assessed according their investment suitability. Second, while extrapolation of a company’s past and future performance is an integral part of ratio analysis, identifying the solvency and stability of such an enterprise demonstrates the ability to calculate not only ratios, but also financial data (Finkler et al., 2013). There are, however, limitations of ratio analysis such as measurement of aggregate economy and benchmarking that affect the measuring of profitability in companies. The phenomenon is influential especially in a larger analysis on asset values while analysing government†™s financial statements annually. Overall, ratio analysis ensures that the formulation of fiscal questions sets a standard for calculating solvency ratios, funding ratios, and common-size ratios. I believe traditional solvency ratios adequately address financial condition analysis concerns in different sectors. For instance, in the health and non-for-profit organizations, financial management for public requires a balance in the accounting data to increase profitability. It is because of the need to measure a company’s net worth also decreases most of liabilities that double the debt (Fridson & Alvarez, 2011). Similarly, traditional solvency is limited by the rationale for covering decreased credit and costs ratio in the inclusion of net income without taxes to set a precedent of capital loan agreements. Therefore, in the evaluation of Total Assets ratio against Total Debt, a firm’s assets must reflect the equity resources to balance the financial condition analysis . In other words, the risk involved should always come capital requirements for helping investors and lenders. ReferencesFinkler, S. et al. (2013). Financial management for public, health, and not-for-profit organizations (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.Fridson, M. & Alvarez, F. (2011). Financial Statement Analysis: A Practitioner’s Guide. Mason, OH: SAGE.

Article Review The Teenage Brain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Review The Teenage Brain - Essay Example Casey. Ben Luna stated that an adolescent brain acts like an adult brain by overusing the frontal lobe. The onset of adulthood is associated with the integration of frontal lobes with other areas of the brain and myelination is just part of the process. Meanwhile, the US National Institute for Mental Health argue with the studies stating that brain size, folding, and regional specialization started at age 12; instead, the institute indicate that an adolescent brain has a long way to reach the adulthood. Jay Giedd of the National Institute for Mental Health found out that grey mater thickens in childhood and thins from back to front during the early adulthood. This process completes early in girls and Giedd explained that it was probably the reason why girls mature early than boys. Giedd thought that the thinning of the grey mater is due to the synaptic pruning and that more environmental guidance will be better for the adolescent’s behavior. Elizabeth Sowell warns other researchers like Giedd against making direct connections between brain changes and specific teen behaviors as there are no supportive data to prove the assumptions. Tomà ¡Ã… ¡ Paus agree with Sowell in not treating brain-behavior relationship as a one-way street but also agree with Giedd that brain maturity continues beyond the first 3-5 years of life. George Bartzokis stated that as grey mater thins, the white mater gains with layers of insulating myelin with the maximum myelination responsible for the wisdom an adult has. Abigail Baird and Greg Bennett relate gained of white mater to the ability to empathize and B.J. Casey that the amount of reward distinguish the strong nucleus reaction of the brain seen among children or adolescents (Powell, 2006, 865-867). The article describes the parts of nervous system such as the brain –thefrontal lobes, brain cells, white mater, grey mater, myelin

Work experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Work experience - Essay Example The environment has an influence on the structure of the organization, i.e. the organization may take a more horizontal or a vertical structure. Horizontal organizational structures are great for faster decision making and policy implementation within the organization. Sova offers support for communities. They are of the belief that with the right amount of support, every individual is capable of changing his/her life for the betterment of the whole society, and the very individuals. Sova provides a wide range of services, these include; alcohol and drug support, mentoring offenders, assisting people to return to work, helping individuals improve their skills, support with life skills and offering support to children, other young people and mostly, families. The position which I occupied within the organization was that of a motivator. My service within Sova was as a volunteer motivator, I had a direct connection with the organizational customers. As a motivator, the office which I occupied was the support officer. The role of the support officer was to have a direct meet with the customers of the organization and offer advice on choices, when they were faced with difficulties within life. In addition to that, the support officer served the function of offering therapy talk to the customers. The control which I had in this position was that of the low level management, looking into the operations of the organization. In this position, as par the organizational chart below, I was directly answerable to the project manager, who was in the organization’s middle management level, who in return would report to the area manager. The area manager is answerable to the chief organizational officer. The main management levels within the organization are three, i.e. top level, middle level and low level management. The top level management within Sova is responsible for the overall control of the organization (Helmig,

Food Allergy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Food Allergy - Essay Example It is estimated that one child in every 14 children has at least one form of food allergy. The most common forms of food that most children are allergic to include: milk, eggs, soya, and wheat. Many children, however, outgrow this forms of allergy and by the time they go to school they go to school they are not allergic to foods that they were allergic to before. Skin-prick tests: this form of food allergy test provides results in about 20 minutes. This form of food allergy test involves placing of a liquid containing a small amount of the food allergen on the skin of one’s arm or back. The skin is then pricked, allowing the allergen to seep under the skin. The test is considered positive if a wheel (resembling a bump from a mosquito bite) develops where the allergen was placed. Blood tests: this form of testing of food allergy aims to measure the presence of IgE (immunoglobulin E) antibodies to specific foods. IgE is the antibody that triggers food allergy symptoms. Blood tests aims at detecting the food-specific IgE. The blood tests take several days to yield results. Oral Food Challenge. This form of food allergy test is considered highly accurate. The oral food challenge test consist of the allergist feeding the patient with the suspect food in measured doses so as to find out whether or not the patient will develop symptoms for food allergy. If the patient shows symptoms after the test, the test will be positive, and if the patient shows no symptoms the test will be considered negative. Food Elimination Diet: in this form of food testing, the doctor asks the patient to temporarily abstain from suspect foods for a period of two to four weeks. If the suspect foods were the ones causing the allergy, the patient will exhibit no symptoms, but if the eliminated, suspect foods, were not the ones responsible for the allergy the patient will still exhibit symptoms of food allergy. Treatments of Food

Assignment1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment1 - Essay Example The political opinion of different aeronautical projects is presented in depth under this section. The website has fact sheets, which reveal the company’s mission, facilities, resources, and projects. The fact sheets belong to different centers of the NASA Company (Sorby and Bulleit 56). The content of each fact sheet depends on its relevance to the specific centers in which it is placed. For example, there are documents depicting different aeronautics fact sheets and Dryden Flight Research Center. Each of the 11 centers has fact sheets, which describe its activities and projects. Moreover, the website has press kits, which contain different sets of packaged promotional materials used by the company. Administrators’ speeches are also featured in this section. Finally, the website features its budgetary plans and the reports of its achievements. Evidently, the writing style of the documents depends on the target audience as well as the subject. Documents that focus on activities and projects are written in accordance with scholarly regulations that define writing in engineering. On the other hand, documents that target the public are written in plain language to enhance understanding. Illustrations are used in some of the documents in an effort to enhance the content covered (76). Notably, the purpose of adopting a technical communication style in the documents available in the NASA website is to ensure that scientific concepts are conveyed to the public effectively. Specialists in engineering may also benefit from the technical communication from the company. Since I have learned several tips on technical communication, I can make efforts of writing documents that meet the exhibited standard. However, there is a need for further training and experiential learning before I can gain the expertise required to write such

Managing Finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Managing Finance - Research Paper Example Ratio analysis is the significant tool for investigating the financial performance of the company. It helps in analyzing the financial statements and the accounting ratios assist in knowing the company’s financial position. The ratios are also essential for evaluating the efficiency of the company in relation to its management and operations. On the basis of the ratio analysis, companies formulate their future plans. By doing the analysis of different ratios, companies come to know how well they are performing as compared to previous years as well as to its competitors (Khan and Jain, 2007). The profitability ratios signify whether the business assets are being utilized effectively in order to generate reasonable revenue. The liquidity ratios assist in determining whether the organization is capable of fulfilling the financial requirements in short term. The efficiency ratios signify the level to which the assets have been capable of creating sales. Financial leverage ratios s crutinize the financial construction of the company. Investment ratios assist the investors to make their critical decisions. A numerical investigation is carried out by calculating different ratios such as profitability, liquidity, efficiency, investment, financial, and cash flow ratios as well as on the Z-Score to recognize the performance of both the companies for the year 2012 and 2013. The numerical investigation shows that Ooredoo Telecom is considered as the more liquid company while the profitability ratios of Zain Telecom are higher.

Is There Any Right to Die Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 150

Is There Any Right to Die - Essay Example This question leads to an endless chain of contradictions; however, under a closer examination, it becomes obvious for everyone that such kind of existence can be barely called â€Å"life†. Nowadays medicine possesses a lot of tools, such as morphine, which are able to "facilitate" sufferings of deathly ill patients. In the meantime, the drugs change patient’s mind and psyche, which eliminates any personality features. Hence, even though the drugs may cure and help the person to defeat the unbearable pain, still human personality is being destroyed by those medicals. According to a liberal measurement of human life value, the liberal policy of European and United States stated that the value of human life is secondary in comparison with a person’s will. This means that if a person can be considered as adequate, according to psychological evaluation of one, the person is responsible for one’s own decisions and actions, and therefore one’s decision must be respected by the rest of the society. Hence, such person is eligible to do whatever one wants with his or hers own life and body, unless it causes any harm to other people and is prohibited legally (Seale, 1994). If to take a look at the issue from the personal point of view, it becomes obvious that the life has a meaning when pleasures prevail over sufferings; moreover, positive emotions are considered to be more meaningful than the negative ones. So euthanasia seems to be the only solution in some cases; for instance, when human’s life cannot be maintained in other way and suffering cannot be relieved except by death. In short, if suffering is evil, how can we morally justify preservation of life, which has turned into a constant suffering?   

Assignment1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment1 - Essay Example The political opinion of different aeronautical projects is presented in depth under this section. The website has fact sheets, which reveal the company’s mission, facilities, resources, and projects. The fact sheets belong to different centers of the NASA Company (Sorby and Bulleit 56). The content of each fact sheet depends on its relevance to the specific centers in which it is placed. For example, there are documents depicting different aeronautics fact sheets and Dryden Flight Research Center. Each of the 11 centers has fact sheets, which describe its activities and projects. Moreover, the website has press kits, which contain different sets of packaged promotional materials used by the company. Administrators’ speeches are also featured in this section. Finally, the website features its budgetary plans and the reports of its achievements. Evidently, the writing style of the documents depends on the target audience as well as the subject. Documents that focus on activities and projects are written in accordance with scholarly regulations that define writing in engineering. On the other hand, documents that target the public are written in plain language to enhance understanding. Illustrations are used in some of the documents in an effort to enhance the content covered (76). Notably, the purpose of adopting a technical communication style in the documents available in the NASA website is to ensure that scientific concepts are conveyed to the public effectively. Specialists in engineering may also benefit from the technical communication from the company. Since I have learned several tips on technical communication, I can make efforts of writing documents that meet the exhibited standard. However, there is a need for further training and experiential learning before I can gain the expertise required to write such

Is There Any Right to Die Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 150

Is There Any Right to Die - Essay Example This question leads to an endless chain of contradictions; however, under a closer examination, it becomes obvious for everyone that such kind of existence can be barely called â€Å"life†. Nowadays medicine possesses a lot of tools, such as morphine, which are able to "facilitate" sufferings of deathly ill patients. In the meantime, the drugs change patient’s mind and psyche, which eliminates any personality features. Hence, even though the drugs may cure and help the person to defeat the unbearable pain, still human personality is being destroyed by those medicals. According to a liberal measurement of human life value, the liberal policy of European and United States stated that the value of human life is secondary in comparison with a person’s will. This means that if a person can be considered as adequate, according to psychological evaluation of one, the person is responsible for one’s own decisions and actions, and therefore one’s decision must be respected by the rest of the society. Hence, such person is eligible to do whatever one wants with his or hers own life and body, unless it causes any harm to other people and is prohibited legally (Seale, 1994). If to take a look at the issue from the personal point of view, it becomes obvious that the life has a meaning when pleasures prevail over sufferings; moreover, positive emotions are considered to be more meaningful than the negative ones. So euthanasia seems to be the only solution in some cases; for instance, when human’s life cannot be maintained in other way and suffering cannot be relieved except by death. In short, if suffering is evil, how can we morally justify preservation of life, which has turned into a constant suffering?   

Counselors as companions and Ethnics in human Services report Essay Example for Free

Counselors as companions and Ethnics in human Services report Essay From Tragedy to Triumph: Counselor as Companion on the Hero’s Journey By: Richard W. Halstead The ethical standards for the human service professionals from the national organization of human service professionals. Some things that I believe that the counselor has learned from Steve are never say what a person with a disability can’t do. Also I think he learned that may impaired people tend to look at being normal like everyone else instead of pushing toward a goal in life and becoming successful with it. Another thing that I think the counselor learned from Steve was that never judge anyone by the disability of a person, because they can accomplish anything in life that they put their minds to. Some of the counselor’s behaviors that may have changed since working with Steve is that he learned that many people that have come in contact with a problem can overcome obstacles in many different way and that never thing a person with a disability can’t achieve something that he wants in life. Also after the talk with the psychiatrist, the counselor started using his thinking skills more. As it said in paragraph seven on the second page of this article,† The Psychiatrist had, unwittingly, provided me (The counselor) with what I thought might serve to propel Steve to the next milestone on his journey†. (Halstead Richard W. Pg2). It made the counselor want to encourage Steve even more to achieve his goal and prove the doctors wrong. I really do think that the people I come in contact with change me in some way by making me really see what is going on with them and make me determine to help them overcome that obstacle in life. Also it makes me want to be there for them more to help them, because nobody should have to go through a problem alone. When you help someone in life like it says on page one of this article, the counselor had met Steve who was struggling to regain a life taken a way, the counselor was confronted with trying to understand his role in the process, and over time they both found their way through the problem. (Halstead, Richard W. Pg1). We as people in the human service field will have several different problems that we run in to with our clients and we have to use our critical thinking skill and our references that we have to help that person through their problems as well as learn from our work. Steve was changed as a result of this relationship by determining that being normal wasn’t as important as achieving his goal of getting a college degree in his field that he had chosen. Everyone isn’t normal and we should try to work towards being normal, we should try and work towards our goals just like Steve can to realize. Steve has benefited from this relationship tremendously with the help of the counselor and the principle of the college he was able to finish school 5 years later, but he had his degree under his belt, as well as being offered a job writing and helping other people through their problems as well. One ethnical issue that may lead me as a human service professional to review the ethical standards would be that a client is recently diagnosed with the HIV virus. He is very upset and crying his eyes out wanting to commit suicide and threatens to kill the guy that he thinks gave it to him before he does. How I can resolve any ethical concerns is by looking in the ethical standards and look over what its say to do in a case like this, but on the other hand try to calm the client down and give him as much support and help needed by weighing out the outcomes of the situation. Also I would look up something using my reference skills that could maybe ease him a little about the situation and make him think different. On the other hand me as a psychologist I have to refer to the ethical standards for human services professions and take the stand. In the ethical standards for human service professionals it states under statements three and four that me as a human service professionals have to keep the clients information confidential with others that, but have to breech the confidentiality of the client and consider seeking supervision because the client is trying to harm himself as well as others. The national organization of human services ethical standards are very important to follow as I begin to work with individuals, families, groups, and communities, because it will tell me what I need to do if I feel there is something that could take place and how to go about doing it as well. References 1. Halstead, R. W. (2000). From Tragedy to Triumph: Counselor as Companion on the Heros Journey. Counseling Values, 44(2), 100. 2. National Organization of Human Service Professionals.Ethical Standards for the Human Service Professionals.Retrieved from: http://www.nationalhumanservices.org/ethical-standards-for-hs-professionals.

Pros And Cons Of Devolving HR Roles

Pros And Cons Of Devolving HR Roles Human Resource Management (HRM) has become more global and strategic and hence of higher importance to any organisation. Although many companies have recognised it, few are practicing many things in order to make their management of human resources more effective especially working more closely with the line managers. The success of an organization depends heavily on effective Human Resource Management practices and the competency of its human resources. Excellent companies recognize that human resources are their number one asset. This is true in the dynamic organization or industry. Therefore, employees must be adequately trained and retrained to ensure that their knowledge, skill and competency remain relevant and useful. It is a fact that the primary concern of an organization is its variability and hence its efficiency. One of the most distinguished management scientist, Tom Peters mentions in his book, In Search of Excellence using Hewlett Packard (HP) as a successful organisation that has implemented good use of line managers using HRM functions to become successful. He states, Although most top managements assert that their companies care for their people, the excellent companies are distinguished by the intensity and pervasiveness of this concern. He continues to describe this by giving various examples which are interesting to consider. According to him, eighteen out of twenty HP executives that were interviewed spontaneously claimed that the success of their company depends on the companys people-oriented philosophy. It is called the HP Way. It is the tradition of treating every individual with consideration and respect and recognising personal achievements. Dave (co-founder Packard) also believes in this philosophy. The dignity and worth of the individual is a very important part. A philosophy that has been a driving force in the organisations success is, First there should be highly capable, innovative people throughout the organisation second, the organisation should have objectives and leadership which generate enthusiasm at all levels. People in important management positions should not only be enthusiastic themselves, they should be selected for their ability to stimulate enthusiasm among their associates. The introduction to the revised corporate objective statement concludes: Hewlett-Packard should not have a tight, military-type organisation, but rather give people the freedom to work toward overall objectives in ways they determine best for their own areas of responsibility. In short, the most extraordinary trait at HP is uniformity of commitment, the consistency of approach and attitude. Wherever you go in the HP empire, you find people talking product quality, feeling proud of their divisions achievements in that area. HP People at all levels show boundless energy and enthusiasm (In search of Excellence Page 242 -246) To summarise, the philosophy behind this example is that the excellent companies emphasise the philosophy that says, in effect, respect the individual, make people winners, let them stand out, treat people as adults (In search of Excellence Page 277) Many researches in the recent years have highlighted the importance of line managers within HR processes. They carry out various duties of HR functions especially recruitment and selection and undoubtedly play a significant role in guaranteeing that employees are motivated, productive, competent and parallel with the business strategy as well as making sure that the organisation complies with the relevant laws and regulations. A line manager is responsible for an employee or a work group to a higher level of management line who is generally in the lower layer of the management hierarchy and the employees who report to him/her do not themselves have any managerial responsibility. One may find that occasionally a line manager may not have formal management education because he/she is generally promoted from within. The common management duties of a line manager may include as follows: People management Measuring operational performance Organising work allocation and rotas Monitoring work processes Dealing with customer/clients Line managers can play an important role and can assist the process of the revitalisation of an organisation with enhanced customer focus and staff performance. They ensure employees are motivated, productive and competent, and aligned behind the business strategy. They are also vitally important in making sure that the organisation complies with relevant laws and regulations. The people and performance research carried out for the Chartered Institute of Personnel Development (CIPD) by a team at Bath University (Hutchinson, 2003) found that the line managers played a vital role in terms of implementing and enacting HR policies and practices. They found that where employees feel positive about their relationship with their line managers they are more likely to have higher levels of job satisfaction, commitment and loyalty which are associated with higher levels of performance or discretionary behaviour. Discretionary behaviour is defined as that which goes beyond the requirement of the job to give extra performance which can boost the bottom line. Line managers also play the strongest part in structuring peoples actual experience of doing a job. According to an online survey of 121 organisations, collectively employing almost a quarter of a million people, shows that four in five (80.2%) organisations have devolved responsibilities such as managing flexible working requests and handling grievance and disciplinary procedures to line managers over the past few years. And two in three predict the role of line managers will take on even more HR functions over the next few years. (Williams, 2008) Also, another interesting finding was that the line managers claimed to be satisfied with the HR responsibilities that have been devolved to them and are keen to take on activities that relate explicitly to the development of their team. Most line managers report working closely with their HR counterparts and see the configuration moving towards a partnership. The line managers main concern is that a lack of support from HR during the delivery of the service can detract from the overall effectiveness. They also note that junior level line managers are likely to feel less supported by HR and comment that it is merely their high level position that drives the HR-line partnership in their situations. (Susan Whittaker, 2003). The role of line managers in both public and private organisations has changed quite significantly in recent years. The line managers have been allocated more responsibilities and are accountable not only for budgeting and allocating of resources, but most importantly for people management issues as per Hoogenboorn Brewster (1992.). According to some sources such as Storey (1992: 190), he argues that line managers may well be playing a far more central role in labour management than HR personnel. Whereas another source, Hales (2005) traces the greater involvement of line managers in HR issues to two developments. He argues that the line managers have been taking on the role of a coach , conductor or a leader of a highly motivated team as a result of the spread of Human Resource Management and the adoption of more participative forms of management concerned with securing high performance through commitment rather than control. Human Resource Devolvement has led to line managers acquiring middle management functions and becoming mini-general managers accompanied by the loss of supervisory functions downwards to work teams. It is hence more appropriate for line managers to take responsibility for people development since they operate alongside the people they manage and therefore it is argued that that their reactions are more immediate and appropriate (Whittaker and Marchington, 2003). Indeed, across Europe, Larsen and Brewster (2003: 229) suggest, there is now a widespread drive to give line managers more responsibility for the management of their staff and to reduce the extent to which personnel or HR departments control or restrict line management autonomy in this area. Initial research indicates some positive support for line manager HR involvement. Hutchinson and Purcell (2003) found that line manager involvement in coaching, guidance and communication positively influences organisational performance. Likewise, a case study of line manager involvement in HR in the NHS by Currie and Proctor (2001) found that line managers are important contributors to strategic change when provided with discretion in implementing HR strategies within their own work groups. Whittaker and Marchington (2003) maintain that line managers increasingly welcome HR responsibilities and are prepared to take them on as they add variation and challenge to their work. Gibb (2003) argues that requiring line managers to be more involved in the HR issues may also lead to a transformation of managers own attitudes towards HR, organisational change and thus a transformation of human relations at work (Gibb, 2003). By increasing line manager involvement in HR, it is argued that better workplace conditions will result as line managers have better understanding than specialists of the type and range of interventions needed. In this pursuit, line managers are assisted by more effective and user-friendly human resource information systems, new technologies and Human Resource call centres, making it possible for line managers to handle some HR work without the assistance of Human Resource Department. It is seen that a speedy resolution of conflicts and lower rate of employee turnover is possible by moving Human Resources responsibilities closer to employees through line managers. Indeed, providing greater authority to line managers and encouraging greater initiative taking may address a long-standing criticism levelled at HR departments; namely a lack of appreciation of the immediacy of the line managers problems (Harris, L, Doughty, D. Kirk, S. (2002). According to Maxwell and Watson (2006), business partnerships between HR specialists and line managers have emerged as the dominant model for Human Resources operations within organisations. Similarly, Ulrich (2005) outlines the role of HR Strategic Partners as working alongside line managers to help them reach their goals by crafting strategies to maximise productivity through alignment of corporate resources to these goals. We can hence understand that devolving HR responsibilities to line managers offers a number of benefits to organisations. A greater freedom to HR specialists to engage with strategic issues is provided enabling them to forge closer relationships with line managers and a partnership model towards managing employees is developed. Similarly, line managers understand and appreciate the complex nature of dealing with the employee issues and become more encouraged and involved in everyday workplace management tasks. However, line managers have pointed various issues concerning HR involvement despite the above mentioned benefits of participating in HR activities. It will obviously increase their workload by getting involved in HR tasks. Increased workload leads to feelings of incompetence among line managers and reluctance to take responsibility for devolved HR activities. Indeed, this has led to feelings amongst some line managers of being dumped upon (Renwick 2003: 265) or pushed upon to take new HR responsibilities (Harris, L, Doughty, D. Kirk, S. (2002):) due to a climate of fear and mistrust driven by HR. The experience and ability of line managers to take responsibility for HR issues may present a major barrier to devolvement. Both Whittaker and Marchington (2003) and Hailey, V.H., Farndale, E. Truss, C. (2005) suggest that line managers skills and competence in HR practices may be limited and a lack of training in this area will undoubtedly affect a line managers overall effectiveness. I ncapability and misunderstanding of HR practices on the part of line managers will prevent the organisation from developing a strong learning culture (McCracken and Wallace, 2000) with McGovern et al. (1997) arguing that a lack of training may lead to inconsistencies in implementing organisational HR policies potentially exposing the organisation to lawsuits and employment tribunals. Their research though, indicates that management development is not a priority for the top management and reliance on the notion of trial-and-error is prevalent in organisations. Furthermore, the failure of organisations to take a long-term developmental view is exposed by a reluctance to set aside a specific budget for training and the belief that management development is the individuals responsibility. Many line managers get under pressure to meet operational targets, and often struggle to fulfil their people management duties. This is partly because they are not equipped with the tools, skills and knowledge they need to be effective. As a result, managers sometimes effectively abdicate responsibility for aspects of people management. A commonly used phrase is thats HRs job often tends to be heard a lot in many companies whether relating to employee development, managing an individuals performance or dealing with absenteeism issues. Recent research involving nearly 3,000 employers by the Work Foundation and the Institute for Employment Studies found that organisations with a comprehensive, structured approach to people management, covering areas such as recruitment, development plans and employee appraisals, perform better than those without, as indicated by higher profits per employee, higher profit margins and ultimately higher productivity. Sometimes its easy to be critical of managers, but often theyre not properly equipped to be effective. Investment in management training requires clearly set-down policies and procedures. There appears to be lack of clear guidance and easily accessible information, its not surprising that many line managers response when an issue arises is either to pick up the phone to HR or to ignore the problem and hope it would goes away or transfer responsibility to someone else. It is interesting but to be fair to line managers, sometimes part of the problem may also lie with the HR department itself. For all the talk about wanting to devolve more responsibility to the line, in practice HR professionals are sometimes reluctant to trust line managers to manage. They are unwilling to give managers the tools and information they need to do the job effectively: after all, knowledge is power, and by being the gatekeepers of all information relating to employees, policies and processes, HR may feel that it has power. This is clearly not in the long-term interests of the HR function. HR teams must realise that if they are to fulfil their potential and be true partners to the business, then they need to trust their managers with the day-today stuff. This doesnt mean being unsupportive but continued support to line managers to assist them with responsibility for the way that people are managed. It does mean defining strategies and policies and then putting in place the frameworks and the systems that enable managers to take accountability for the day-to-day execution but in a controlled, informed and effective way. Line managers must aim to be more accountable whereas HR professionals being more strategic could assist when working together. Better solutions are needed to support key people management processes and its likely that intelligent use of technology is likely to represent at least part of the answer. Technology-based services offer organisations the potential to give much greater support to their line managers, but in a highly cost-effective way. Line managers can be given tools to walk them through common processes, access to comprehensive information about their employees, guidance on how to manage effectively, and prompts when tasks or actions are due all accessed via a single web-based service. In view of the above, making line managers responsible for the delivery of HR can be complex. Line managers may not possess the required skills needed to implement HR initiatives and may feel ill-equipped or insufficiently trained to accept responsibility for day-to-day HR tasks. Devolving HR responsibilities may also represent a lack of appreciation of the workloads, time pressures and overall priorities of line managers threatening the overall standards of HR delivery across the organisation and diminishing the value of HR. It is found that getting line managers involved in HR tasks is a step towards achieving a more strategic, value-added approach to managing employees. Line managers play an important position in the organisational hierarchy and can directly affect the quality of front-line services. It will greatly increase the existing pressures of excess workload and the need to deliver on short-term priorities by devolving line managers with HR responsibilities. It will also mean the requirement of display of a higher level of HR competency by the line managers which calls for the need for high-quality training programmes for line managers to ensure that they feel confident in discharging their new HR responsibilities. Such training may help organisations avoid costly litigation and damage to their public reputation. HR professionals must engage with line managers and develop a partnership to bring about a speedier resolution to workplace conflicts by allowing line managers to seek guidance and advice whenever required thereby making line managers more responsible for HR. Table 1: Pros and Cons of Devolving HR roles to Line Managers Pros Cons Increase speed of decision -making Line management responsibility for people issues Local management accountability Potential cost savings Strategic role for central HR/IR Short lines of communication Lack of time to perform HR duties Increase in line managers workload Additional costs of training managers Increase in grievances/tribunal cases Potential for HR/IR to be marginalized People management not considered to be part of the line managers job

Social Interface :: science

Social Interface In the introduction of the book of Norman Long, â€Å"Battlefields of Knowledge†, Long states that theoretical and the application itself cannot be segregated into their respective venues. His book takes a different perspective specifically by not discriminating between the â€Å"knowledge of understanding† and â€Å"knowledge of action.† Long’s book assumes that the theoretical and the pragmatic issues are so intimately entwined that it would be like separating melted ice from your coke. Long stresses that we must work on an actor-oriented approach where we can base new types of theorization and methodologies. The proposed model suggests that a theoretical technique be developed to take into account the actions of the actors and be able to construe them clearly. It also should show how different analyses work themselves out through accommodation and negotiation. By this method, we concentrate on the performer and recognize the multiple realities and diverse social practices of a variety of actors. The interaction between diverse social interests encourages social change and is essential when it comes to understanding development processes. The intersection where we have different social organization mixing with one another negotiating is called the interface. The interface is where the social systems interacts in their own worlds and where the different actors see their own realities and work on how to achieve certain goals they may have set for themselves or goals that the society they are in have been set for them. For this paper, I will attempt to process the relation of a drug addict under going rehab with his/her therapist through our actor oriented approach and hopefully something intelligent will come out. As stated above, the actors are the physician and the patient. It can be noted that such a small group may not produce much of a social change but from trivial matters arise serious obstacles. We may use this interface as to how our society views such a problem and tries to resolve it. Drug addiction in our country has recently become a growing concern for our citizen. Designer drugs have entered our country from illegal drug exporting countries like China or Thailand. And instead of enticing the usual mid-thirties demographic, these pushers peddle their merchandize to young teenagers ranging from twelve to twenty, most of them still easily influenced by their peers. In order to counter this new scourge that our society faces, we have set up rehabilitation centers or detoxification cente rs for the addicted ones.

Essay examples --

YENTL,† the play now in production at the Cleveland Play House, is based on Isaac Bashevis Singer’s short story, â€Å"YENTL, THE YESHIVA BOY.† The play had a short Broadway run in 1975, but the story is best known to the general public because of the film version, which was written, produced and directed by and starred Barbara Streisand. The tale centers on Yentl, a girl whose father, a learned Orthodox Rabbi, defies religious custom and teaches his daughter to read and debate Jewish law and theology. When he dies, she is at a loss as to how to continue to learn, to achieve. She cuts off her hair, dresses as a young man, enters a â€Å"yeshiva† (a religious training school), and lives as a man. Her unusual friendship with Avigdor, her study partner, and marriage to Hadass, Avigdor’s former fiancà ©, sets the story on a track of intrigue. To truly understand â€Å"YENTL,† requires a knowledge of Orthodox Judaism as practiced in the shetls (villages) of pre-World War II eastern Europe, as well as Isaac Bashevis Singer. Orthodox Judaism centers on the belief in one, all knowing God, and adherence to a strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah. The belief system in Eastern Europe, before the Holocaust, intertwined religious laws with traditions, mysticism and superstitions. These beliefs carried over into patterns of daily life and influenced such things as the foods eaten, the patterns for birth and marriage and death, the clothing worn, and the role of males and females. Singer lived for much of his formative years in a Polish/Russian shtetl, and was well trained in all aspects of Orthodox Judaism. The winner of the Nobel Prize for literature, Singer, like his greatest literary influences, Chekhov ... ... three times through forked fingers when they are discussing a positive action, such as a marriage or a birth. This is an old superstitious action to ward off the â€Å"meesa meshina,† the evil spirit.) But, production questions abound. Depending on which area a person comes from, pronunciations differ. But the Hebrew pronunciations should have been uniform to represent that these people are from the same place. Why the great variance of Hebraic sounds? Most of the cast speaks in standard English, representing commonality of language, but one cast member uses an indefinable accent and overplays his part for laughs. Why? A general air of superficiality invades the production. Why? Unless done with reality, the play loses its â€Å"tam† (Yiddish for taste), fringes on mockery of the way of life being depicted, and weakens the accomplishment of the author’s purpose.

Bilingual Education and the Cycle of Native Language

The original objective of bilingual education was to ensure students would not fall behind academically because of a poor command of English and to gradually teach them English as a second language. If language-minority students were taught some subjects in their native tongue, proponents insisted, they potentially could learn English without sacrificing content knowledge. But bilingual education†s critics argue that the approach keeps students in a cycle of native language dependency that ultimately inhibits significant progress in English language acquisition. Proponents counter that if students first learn to read in the language they are fluent in and then transfer the skills over to English-their second language-they will develop stronger literacy skills in the long term. Plus, they argue that in an increasingly global society, schools, far from discouraging native-language retention, should work to help students maintain their native tongues, even as they also teach them English. Complicating the debate is the range of programs that, by some people†s definition, fall under the umbrella of bilingual education. Some use bilingual education to refer only to transitional bilingual education or two-way bilingual programs while others consider any program designed for students with limited proficiency in English to be â€Å"bilingual.† For instance, they may refer to English-as-a-second-language programs, where students are typically taught solely in English, as bilingual education. Public sentiment against transitional bilingual education has been growing. On June 2, 1998, California voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 227, an initiative that largely eliminated bilingual education from the state†s public schools. Under the California initiative, most LEP students in that state are now placed in English-immersion programs. Arizona voters followed suit by passing Proposition 203, a measure similar to the California initiative, on Nov. 7, 2000. While the California initiative reduced the percentage of LEP children in bilingual education from 29 percent to 12 percent, the Arizona initiative is expected to end bilingual education because, unlike the California initiative, it makes it very difficult for parents to seek waivers from English immersion that would permit some bilingual education to continue. Arizona officials expect to implement the law by fall 2001. Despite the â€Å"English only† message that Propositions 227 and 203 bear, the debate over how best to instruct linguistically diverse students is far from decided nationwide.

Air Pollution Summary 5

? Air Pollution Nicole Ergler Axia University of Phoenix Robert Orben once said â€Å"There's so much pollution in the air now that if it weren't for our lungs there'd be no place to put it all. † Did one ever think of how much pollution they are breathing in every day? Does one ever realize in what ways they are contributing to air pollution? Air pollution is environmentally a global catastrophe. However, the human population does not have the correct knowledge of how to help the environment from these harmful pollutions. How does the human population help stop contributing to air pollution? Air pollution is a persistent problem within the United States as well as worldwide. Air pollution is a matter in which human and animal’s lives are lost. (Quotationspage. com 2007) According to Columbia Encyclopedia (2008), air pollution is contamination of the air by harmful gases in amounts that are known to endanger the health of humans and animals. Combinations of gasoline, automobile emissions, and burning coals and oils all produce several types of air pollutions. According to Encarta. msn. com (2009), fossil fuel emissions are one of the leading causes of air pollution. According to Encarta. msn. com (2009), air pollution can come to our environment in the forms of snow and rain as well. Air pollution can harm a human and/or an animal as well as the environment. Corruption of plants, vegetables, aquatic life, humans, and drinking water are all examples of ways air pollution effects the environment. Air pollution causes respiratory diseases, loss in emotions, fatigue, headaches, loss of sense of direction, and decreased control of muscles and visual sharpness. A child’s lungs and the lung’s capacity are much smaller than a grown adult’s. How does a child react to air pollutants when the child has asthma? Researches Liu, Poon, Chen, Dales, Frescure, Montuschi, Ciabatonni, and Wheeler (2009) conducted a study on how air pollutants such as: sulfuric dioxide and nitrogen oxides, effected children with asthma. The conclusion to their study was significant. While there was a noticeable decrease in the airway function of lungs, there was also an increase of damage done to the child’s airway passage. In conclusion, air pollutants are much more potent and harmful to a child with asthma. Pollution to the Earth causes global warming. According to Encarta. msn. com (2009), global warming is the significant accretion of temperature in the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and land. According to Encarta. msn. com (2009), scientists believe Earth is currently experiencing a period of increased, fast warming brought on by increasing levels of greenhouse gases, in the atmosphere. Global warming exists when greenhouse gases trap heat and sun light in the Earth’s atmosphere. According to Thinkquest. org (2002), green house gases include but are not limited to: carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane. Electrical pollution, when fossil fuels are burned creating energy, is a main source of energy used by humans that causes global warming. veryday fossil fuels are burned to create a source of energy. Therefore, pollution is seeping into the Earth’s atmosphere sickening adults, children, and animals. How can humans attack air pollution? According to Calef and Goble (2007), in 1990 California took its’ approach to zero vehicles on the road that produce vehicle emissions. California Area Resources Board conducted a plan to take all battery operated electric vehicles off the road and replace them with zero emissions vehicles. Today, zero emissions vehicles are known as hybrid cars. California Area Resources Board wanted to make the plan mandatory and sell only the zero emissions vehicles in a set amount of time. However, oil industries and popular automobile manufacturers brought controversy to this factor. The United States did not mandate the plan or follow through with the zero emissions vehicles plan. Now, in the year of 2009, hybrid cars are on the market. Although hybrid vehicles regularly cost about $5,000. 00 more than a battery operated vehicle, it will help contribute to saving the environment. Physorg. com 2009) There are dozens of other ways to help the environment. Using environmentally safe products for cleaning and killing pests are ways to improve pollution around your home, work, or school. Throwing away cut grass or trees at a local garbage company saves from waste in the yard. An individual can make a recycling bin at home to make it easier to recycle. Picking up after pets is a chore t hat most individuals cannot somehow manage. However, picking up after pets is a manageable chore and can also help attack air pollution. Carpooling, walking, or taking public transportation to work, home, shopping, or even school are easy ways to reduce vehicle emissions. Drying laundry on the laundry line outside instead of in a gas operated dryer will help conserve energy and decrease gas pollution. Simple tasks can help the environment, why not start now? (Lastormwater. org 2009) A plan is in desire need to help attack air pollution. In order to conduct a plan to attack air pollution, one must have research air pollution. Identifying sources of air pollution is a good start in order to be able to attack air pollution from those sources. Talk with school principals, city council, and representatives with the government about the plan. Because knowledge of air pollution and its effects is rare, develop an educational curriculum in which children will be able to put the attack into action. Develop a presentation for adults about the severity of air pollution and how the adults can contribute to helping. Speak with teachers and parents about the educational curriculum in which the children will be learning about attacking air pollution. Schedule dates and times that one can be available to the school in order to present the educational curriculum about air pollution. Schedule dates and times that one can be available to the city council in order to present the information to the adults. Pass out flyers to local businesses, schools, and homes about both programs. Present all information to both students and adults at all scheduled times. Firstly, I will research information on air pollution, its sources, and all effects to the environment, humans, and animals. Next, I will develop an educational curriculum for both students and adults. Then I will speak with all school principals, the city council, and the government in order to get my plan permitted. I will then speak with teachers and parents to educate hem on the benefits of the educational curriculum about air pollution. Next, I will schedule dates and times that is convenient for me, the city council, and the school’s teachers to present the information. I will speak with the local newspaper in order to get my flyers passed out with the newspapers for each time that I am going to prese nt the information at the city council. I will present all information to both students at schools and the adults at the city council at all scheduled times. Finally, I will conduct a website which will provide all the information that I have conducted and presented. In conclusion to my website, I will make myself available to any school, function, or city council that would like to have me as a guest to present my information. Researching information on air pollution, the sources of air pollution, and the effects of air pollution will be conducted from months one to five. During month’s two to three, I will develop an educational curriculum for both students and adults. Also during month’s two to three, I will speak with all necessary authority in order to get my plan permitted. During month three, I will speak with teachers and parents about the benefits of my educational curriculum. During month four, I will schedule dates and times for my information to be presented to both the city council and the schools in my county. I will also speak with the local newspaper during month four in order to get permission to distribute a flyer included in the newspaper about all scheduled dates and times that I will be holding a presentation. During month five, I will present all information that I have conducted at that specific point. Also during month five, I will establish a website that will hold all the information I have conducted. Students and adults both will benefit from my plan. As said in the above information, people from all around the world are unaware of the effects of air pollution. Presenting this information will help them better understand how air pollution is harming our environment, humans, and the animals that live in our environment. Presenting this information will also put a start to learning more about air pollution. Some teachers may like to include the effects of air pollution and how we can attack air pollution in their own daily or weekly educational curriculum. During month five of my plan, I will be concluding to the conduction of my website that I am available to present my information at any school, function, or city council conference. I am hoping to get a response from my conclusion in order to get the word out about air pollution. Challenges may be an issue before being able to present my information. I may not be permitted by schools to present my information to their students. Parents and teachers may not agree with the education curriculum that I have developed. City council may not see air pollution as a problem to our environment. Individuals may not ask me to participate as a speaker at any functions, schools, or city council conferences. However, I will continue to attempt to get my word out on air pollution if this may occur. In order to have success from my plan on how to attack air pollution, I will need government, global, and our society’s support. The government will also need to troubleshoot the effects of air pollution as well as how to attack air pollution. Globally, individuals should participate in helping to attack air pollution. Globally, individuals should take notice to my plan and establish a plan to present information in their own communities. Society should face the facts about the consequences of air pollution and take in the information on how to attack air pollution. In conclusion the above information, air pollution, again, is a global catastrophe. It has harmed and killed many species of animals. It has also caused humans and animals illnesses. Our environment is screaming for our help, for we are the only ones who can help. The environment cannot do this on its own. References Quotationspage. com. (2007). Quotation Details. Retrieved on May 14th, 2009 from http://www. quotationspage. com/quote/1033. tml Columbia Encyclopedia. (2008). Air Pollution. Retrieved on April 18th, 2009 from http://plus. aol. com/aol/reference/airpollu/air_pollution? flv=1 Encarta. msn. com. (2009). Air Pollution. Retrieved on April 18th, 2009 from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761577413/air_pollution. html Liu, L. , Poon, R. , Chen, L. , Frescura, A. M. , Montuschi, P. , Ciabatonni, G. , Wheeler, A. , Dales, R. (2009). Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Pulmonary Function, Airway Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Asthmatic Children. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(4), 668-674. Thinkquest. org. (2002). Global Warming. Retrieved on April 18th, 2009 from http://library. thinkquest. org/CR0215471/global_warming. htm Calef, D. , Goble, R. (2007). The Allure of Technology: How France and California Promoted Electric and Hybrid Vehicles to Reduce Urban Air Pollution. Policy Sciences, 40(1), 1-34. Physorg. com. (2009). Hybrid Cars Pros and Cons. Retrieved on May 14th, 2009 from http://www. physorg. com/news10031. html Lastormwater. org. (2009). How You Can Help. Retrieved on May 14, 2009 from http://www. lastormwater. org/Siteorg/residents/howucnhp. html

Fossil Fuel Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fossil Fuel - Assignment Example The theory got used in the biogenic theory of dead plants fossil remains exposed to pressure and heat in the earth crust for several million years. Currently, there are several uses for oil, coal and natural gas. Fossil fuels are of great significance since they can be burned to produce great energy per unit weight amounts. Coal gets often used as fuel. Mostly coal is used in running metal ore melting furnaces. When natural gas is flared off as petroleum’s unneeded byproduct, it becomes a valuable resource. The natural gas is the key source of helium. Lastly, the fossil oils are often employed in internal combustion engines and fossil fuel power stations among others (Sovacool, 2008). Fossil fuels are the key energy sources though they still cause disastrous effects like air pollution when over consumption occurs. Burning of fossil fuels emits nitrogen monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, etc. that may cause severe implications on the habitats. Additionally, they also impact human health. First, fossil fuels result in pollution of the environment. When burnt, they emit carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas increase global warming. The earth’s temperature also increases as a result of melting polar ice caps, the low lying areas flood and sea levels rise due to fossil fuels. Thus, these conditions have resulted in drastic changes on earth (Jim, 2009). Secondly, fossil fuel results to acid rains. The acid rains are as a result of the sulphur dioxide produced during combustion of the gases. The rains cause monuments destructions, and even crops get affected due to the loams acidification. Additionally, the natural gases result to nasty smells and create problems during transportation as it spills overseas. Thirdly, human’s health gets affected as a result of the fossil fuels. The ozone layer is slowly getting worn out due to the greenhouse gases released from the fuels. Thus, as a result, the ozone holes

Pragmatism - Journal Entries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pragmatism - Journal Entries - Essay Example Write down all of your beliefs – theological, religious, moral, political, economic, social, sexual, personal lifestyle – and then separate them into those inherited and those chosen in response to your actual experience and the experience of others". Dutifully, I performed the self-examination exercise and had identified five beliefs which I would like to dissect and scrutinize. These beliefs fall under five of the categories mentioned by McDermott, namely: religious, moral, economic, sexual and personal lifestyle. I chose these beliefs because they have more impact on my personality and on my decision-making processes. On top of my list and the most influential on my personality and perspectives is my religious belief. I am a Muslim. I was born a Muslim. And I will die a Muslim. I inherited the faith from my parents for which I am very thankful for. Secondly, I live by my moral principle of truthfulness. Although honesty is taught and learned at home, I am convinced that this is adopted and practiced as a matter of choice. We’ve learned from experience that speaking the truth earns the good favor of our family and friends. In contract, speaking lies will get us into trouble. Thirdly, I subscribe to the economic system of capitalism. I am a capitalist in mind and heart. I have lived on the rewards of capitalism and have read about the darkness and monotony of communism. Based on my own experiences and the experience of the people in communist, fascist or socialist countries, I chose and will always choose to be a capitalist. Fourthly, my sexual orientation is â€Å"straight†. I believe that every adult person is a reflection of his infant-self, albeit, most of us could hardly find similar traits between the innocent and fresh newborn and the life-veteran adults that we are. Be that as it may, I believe that our sexual orientation is defined from the day that we are born. Hence, my attraction to the opposite sex is an inherited

Project 2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project 2 - Case Study Example Salient features of the statement would have included concise project plan, amount of funding to be required, a flexible but well defined timetable for completion of the project and success criteria set beforehand. A prudent thing would have been to match payments with milestones agreed beforehand- this would have provided greater incentive for the workforce to give proper time and attention to the project. Information about the means to generate funding for the project and cooperation between different utilities department should have been included in the SOW to provide an idea about the supporting elements of the metro project and the requirement that any problems which arose because of them should be handled properly and quickly. Ans.2 The problems faced by the project were serious enough to have lengthened the time of completion by almost 2 decades. The problems were manifold; from the unexpected bureaucracy of the labors and the shopkeeper’s demands to the utility lines proving to be a hindrance in construction. However, these were only to be expected from a project of this scope and it was the poor management that was at fault for being unable to anticipate these problems. While it may not have been possible to be have been prepared to handle these problems from the start the project should have included the possibility that they might happen and how the teams would deal with them. The lack of information about the utilities and poor forecast of traffic needs were one of the basic failings of the project design which led to these problems and it seems the designers were unaware of the exact scope. Problems in a project which affects the daily life of millions of people are not bad luck; they are to be expected. Ans.1 The most important thing for the organization is to form an action plan to help their project managers with the client problems they are facing. The project managers all state the same kind of problems with having to